大学物理实验实施探究式教学的探索

针对传统大学物理实验教学中的利弊,在探究式教学理念指导下,通过对传统大学物理实验项目进行教学设计而开展探究式教学。实践证明把探究教学运用于大学物理实验教学,有利于培养学生进行科学探究的能力和对科学探究的理解力,提高实验教学质量。     

Genetic alloy design based on thermodynamics and kinetics

A theory-guided computational approach for alloy design is presented. Aimed at optimising the desired properties, the microstructure is designed and an alloy composition optimised accordingly, combining criteria based on thermodynamic, thermokinetic and mechanical principles. A genetic algorithm is employed as the optimisation scheme. The approach is applied to the design of ultra-high strength stainless steels. Three composition scenarios, utilising different strengthening precipitates (carbides, Cu and NiAl/Ni₃Ti), are followed. The results are compared to a variety of existing commercial high-end engineering steels, showing that the design strategy presented here may lead to significant improvements in strength beyond current levels.     

近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星

综述了美国DigitalGlobe公司的QuickBird,WorldView-1,WorldView-2卫星和GeoEye公司的IKONOS,GeoEye-1,GeoEye-2等卫星的发展概况。分析评论了这些不同发射时间和使用年代的近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星及其空间相机的主要技术指标和特点,指出了研制小型、灵巧性卫星是近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星的发展趋势,其中需要解决的核心技术主要包括卫星的精密姿态控制、小像元尺寸和高积分级数TDICCD的研制,小相对孔径光学系统的设计以及用于图像增强的数字图像处理技术等。     

周毓麟先生在计算数学领域的成就与贡献——纪念周毓麟院士百年诞辰

本文从计算数学的视角,介绍周毓麟先生在离散泛函分析方法和大型科学计算方法等领域的研究工作.     

天目铁木愈伤组织和芽苗诱导技术

以天目铁木嫩茎尖为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其基部愈伤组织诱导和愈伤组织再分化芽苗的最适合培养基.结果表明,最适合的嫩茎尖基部愈伤组织诱导培养基为1/2DR+TDZ 2.30 mg·L^-1+2,4-D 0.55 mg·L^-1,诱导率为93.5%;愈伤组织芽苗再分化培养基为1/2DR+TDZ 3.30 mg·L^-1+KT 0.70 mg·L^-1,分化率达99.8%以上. 成功建立了天目铁木嫩茎尖离体诱导愈伤组织和芽苗再分化体系,且再生芽苗与野生植株染色体数目相同.     

约束梁柱构件抗火性能研究进展

约束构件抗火性能和抗火设计是近年国内外相关学者关注的热点之一.笔者简要介绍了约束构件(包括约束梁、约束柱)抗火性能所取得的成果,总结了约束构件在火灾下的工作行为、抗火性能研究以及抗火设计方法的进展,指出了约束构件抗火研究目前存在的主要问题,并对下一步工作进行了展望.     

λ≤5的区传递7-(v,k,λ)设计的存在性

1993年,CAMERON和PRAGEGER证明了不存在t＞7的非平凡的区传递t-设计,并且猜想不存在非平凡的区传递6设计.然而区传递7-设计的存在性仍然是一个公开的问题.本文研究了这一公开问题,证明了当λ≤5时不存在非平凡的区传递7-(v,k,λ)设计.     

采用衍射元件实现消热差的混合红外光学系统

叙述了利用衍射光学元件的环境温度特性实现光学系统像面环境温度补偿的原理和设计方法,提出了按照最佳像面确定最佳修正因数的补偿方法,使系统的性能在要求的温度范围内得到最佳补偿,给出了在20℃-50℃范围实现像面环境温度补偿和8μm-12μm波段内消色差的系统设计参数和评价结果,所设计的系统结构简单,在要求的温度范围内性能稳定。     

Non-dynamical stochastic resonance: Theory and experiments with white and various coloured noises

Summary We describe the simplest system which shows stochastic resonance. A linear(ized) theory for white and (almost) arbitrarily coloured noise is presented. The presented new system has new, unique properties which originate from itsnon-dynamical character; for example, the strength and phase shift of periodic response of the system is independent of the frequency. Experiments have been carried out with the following noise processes: (physical) white noise, (physical) Lorentzian noise and (physical) 1/f noise. With a small extension of the system, its linear-response regime can be significantly increased. As the system is similar to some simple models of neurones, the new results might have not only physical but also biological importance. Paper presented at the International Workshop “Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena”, Elba, 5–10 June 1994.