An efficient cavity for optically pumped terahertz lasers

The efficiency of a simply designed cavity for optically pumped pulsed terahertz lasers is studied experimentally. A coated Ge and a crystal quartz act as the input and output windows, respectively. The thickness of the Ge window is designed according to etalon effects to maximize terahertz reflectivity. NH₃ is filled in the cavity as the active medium. When NH₃ is pumped by the 10P(32) line of a TEA CO₂ laser, intense 151.5 μm terahertz radiation is emitted. As high as 19.6 mJ terahertz radiation is extracted from 1.57 J pump energy. The corresponding photon conversion efficiency reaches 35.3%.     

Adsorption of amyloid beta-peptide at polymer surfaces: a neutron reflectivity study.

The adsorption of amyloid beta-peptide at hydrophilic and hydrophobic modified silicon-liquid interfaces was characterized by neutron reflectometry. Distinct polymeric films were used to obtain noncharged (Formvar), negatively (sodium poly(styrene sulfonate)) and positively charged (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic surfaces (polystyrene and a polysiloxane-dodecanoic acid complex). Amyloid beta-peptide was found to adsorb at positively charged hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, whereas no adsorbed layer was detected on hydrophilic noncharged and negatively charged films. The peptide adsorbed at the positively charged film as patches, which were dispersed on the surface, whereas a uniform layer was observed at hydrophobic surfaces. The thickness of the adsorbed peptide layer was estimated to be approximately 20 A. The peptide formed a tightly packed layer, which did not contain water. These studies provide information about the affinity of the amyloid beta-peptide to different substrates in aqueous solution and suggest that the amyloid fibril formation may be driven by interactions with surfaces.     

软x射线平面镜不同掠射角下的反射率标定

报道了平面反射镜在不同掠射角下的反射率标定实验.实验利用北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)-3W1B束线及反射率计靶室，在束流强度40—120 mA、贮存环电子能量2 GeV专用光运行模式下，在50—1500 eV能区，做了四种材料平面镜在不同掠射角下的反射率标定.标定过程用高灵敏度无死层的硅光二极管代替x射线二极管作探测器，使输出信号提高2—3个数量级.最终给出C，Si，Ni和Au四种材料平面镜在1°—7°掠射角下的反射率标定曲线，并把实验数据与理论计算值进行了比对和分析. 关键词： 同步辐射 平面镜 反射率 标定     

X‐ray Reflectivity from Sinusoidal Surface Relief Gratings

The sinusoidal shape of light‐induced surface relief gratings of polymers can be probed by x‐ray scattering techniques. A particular approach of kinematic x‐ray scattering theory is developed to interpret experimental scattering curves. The simulations demonstrate the particular sensitivity of x‐ray reflectivity for very small grating amplitudes. At angles of incidence close to the critical angle of total external reflection a grating amplitude h < 2 nm already provides measurable grating peaks. In general the grating amplitude h can be measured from the envelope function over the grating peak maxima. The capability of the approach is demonstrated by simulation of the reflection curve recorded from a polymer sample with non uniform grating height.     

偏二甲肼在氟化镁涂层表面的吸附与反应

研究了偏二甲肼在氟化镁涂层表面的吸附和化学反应情况.首先用液相或气相偏二甲肼沾染氟化镁涂层表面,再将涂层置于真空环境足够长时间,然后通过对比沾染前、后涂层表面的红外吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱和漫反射率,了解涂层表面的吸附状况和性能变化.实验表明,覆盖于氟化镁涂层表面的偏二甲肼液膜分子,在真空环境下充分脱附的时间约为2h,充分脱附后的涂层表面只有单层化学吸附存在,其质量密度约为27ng/cm2,实验后氟化镁涂层表面的漫反射率下降了10%～15%;在-10℃的偏二甲肼饱和蒸气中沾染10min后,氟化镁涂层表面的原子组成和漫反射率变化很小,红外吸收光谱也没有偏二甲肼特征峰出现.     

极高反射率氧碘激光腔镜研制

 报道了反射率大于99.9%的氧碘激光腔镜的研制工艺及其反射率测试结果。对该工艺制作的样品进行了激光损伤实验,实验结果表明能够满足目前COIL激光器的阈值要求。     

一类多标度分形介质膜系的反射率

应用鲁阳德（Ｒｏｕａｒｄ）递推方法计算光在垂直入射时二标度和三标度分形介质膜系的反射率。结果表明,多标分形介质膜系的反射率具有分形的自相似特征。     

Macromolecules at surfaces: Research challenges and opportunities from tribology to biology

A comprehensive review of ongoing and recommended research directions concerning the structure, dynamics, and interfacial activity of synthetic and naturally occurring macromolecules at the solid–liquid interface is presented. Many new developments stem from the ability to target new size regimes of 1–100 nm. These rapid developments are reviewed critically with respect to chemical synthesis, processing, structural characterization, dynamic processes, and theoretical and computational analysis. The common problems shared by flat and particulate surfaces are emphasized. A broad spectrum of material properties are discussed, from the control of interfacial friction between surfaces in moving contact, to the mechanical strength and durability of the interfaces in hybrid materials, to optical and electronic properties. Future research opportunities are identified that involve (1) the emergence of nanoscale material properties, (2) polymer‐assisted nanostructures, and (3) the crossroads between interfacial science and biological and bioinspired applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2755–2793, 2003     

Correlation-Driven Magnetic Frustration and Insulating Behavior of TiF3

The halide perovskite TiF₃, renowned for its intricate interplay between structure, electronic correlations, magnetism, and thermal expansion, is investigated. Despite its simple structure, understanding its low-temperature magnetic behavior has been a challenge. Previous theories propose antiferromagnetic ordering. In contrast, experimental signatures for an ordered magnetic state are absent down to 10 K. The current study has successfully reevaluated the theoretical modeling of TiF₃, unveiling the significance of strong electronic correlations as the key driver for its insulating behavior and magnetic frustration. In addition, frequency-dependent optical reflectivity measurements exhibit clear signs of an insulating state. The analysis of the calculated magnetic data gives an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with a net Weiss temperature of order 25 K as well as a magnetic response consistent with a S = 1/2 local moment per Ti³⁺. Yet, the system shows no susceptibility peak at this temperature scale and appears free of long-range antiferromagnetic order down to 1 K. Extending ab initio modeling of the material to larger unit cells shows a tendency for relaxing into a noncollinear magnetic ordering, with a shallow energy landscape between several magnetic ground states, promoting the status of this simple, nearly cubic perovskite structured material as a candidate spin liquid.     

Characterization of multicomponent polymer trilayers with resonant soft X‐ray reflectivity

Resonant soft X‐ray reflectivity (RSoXR) has been used to quantify the layer thicknesses and the interfacial widths of a single, complex thin film with three polymeric layers supported on an inorganic substrate. By adjusting the photon energy, the sensitivity to particular interfaces within the trilayer can be selectively enhanced. The results significantly improve and broaden the capabilities of RSoXR, which has previously only been demonstrated and used for bilayers on silicon substrates. The capability of RSoXR to characterize polymer trilayers was not readily predictable from prior bilayer results, as the RSoXR characterization of bilayers benefits from a strong X‐ray reflection from the substrate that serves as a reference beam with which the reflections from the other interfaces interfere with. The impact of having the capability to investigate trilayers is exemplified by discussing the utility of RSoXR to characterize organic electronic light emitting multilayers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1291–1299, 2009