Synchronization transition in gap-junction-coupled leech neurons

Real neurons can exhibit various types of firings including tonic spiking, bursting as well as silent state, which are frequently observed in neuronal electrophysiological experiments. More interestingly, it is found that neurons can demonstrate the co-existing mode of stable tonic spiking and bursting, which depends on initial conditions. In this paper, synchronization in gap-junction-coupled neurons with co-existing attractors of spiking and bursting firings is investigated as the coupling strength gets increased. Synchronization transitions can be identified by means of the bifurcation diagram and the correlation coefficient. It is illustrated that the coupled neurons can exhibit different types of synchronization transitions between spiking and bursting when the coupling strength increases. In the course of synchronization transitions, an intermittent synchronization can be observed. These results may be instructive to understand synchronization transitions in neuronal systems.     

一种可交互的体绘制光学传递函数模型

针对三维数据场可视化过程中兴趣区的交瓦分离问题.给出了基于体绘制光学传递函数的半自动调节方法.该方法从传递函数的光学模型出发,根据三维数据的光强分布,结合体数据的三维梯度场.给出了体数据的颜色及透明度值分离交互凋常的模犁.为了提高本方法的实用性,本文采用了交互模型与现代显卡纹理特性相结合的方法来提高交互速度.实验证明,通过实时调节改进传递函数的相关参量.该模型能以大于每秒30帧的交互速度获得必趣区的最佳视觉分离效果.本方法能在交互体视化的同时实现最佳参量的获取.     

Average kinetic energy of ions ejected from pure Coulomb explosions of methane clusters

We use an electrostatic model to study the average kinetic energy of ions ejected from the pure Coulomb explosions of methane clusters (CA4)n (light atom A=H and D). It is found that the ratio of the average kinetic energy of the ions to their initial average electrostatic potential energy is irrelevant to the cluster size. This finding implies that as long as the ratio is given, the average kinetic energies of the ions can be simply estimated from their initial average electrostatic potential energies, rather than from the time- consuming simulations. The ratios for the different charge states of carbon ions are presented.     

Comparison of tumor histology to dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-based physiological estimates

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare histologically determined cellularity and extracellular space to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI)-based maps of a two-compartment model's parameters describing tumor contrast agent extravasation, specifically tumor extravascular extracellular space (EES) volume fraction (v_e), tumor plasma volume fraction (v_p) and volume-normalized contrast agent transfer rate between tumor plasma and interstitium (K_TRANS/V_T).

Materials and Methods

Obtained v_e, v_p and K_TRANS/V_T maps were estimated from gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid DCE T₁-weighted gradient-echo images at resolutions of 469, 938 and 2500 μm. These parameter maps were compared at each resolution to histologically determined tumor type, and the high-resolution 469-μm maps were compared with automated cell counting using Otsu's method and a color-thresholding method for estimated intracellular (V_{intracellular}) and extracellular (V_{extracellular}) space fractions.

Results

The top five K_TRANS/V_T values obtained from each tumor at 469 and 938 μm resolutions are significantly different from those obtained at 2500 μm (P<.0001) and from one another (P=.0014). Using these top five K_TRANS/V_T values and the corresponding tumor EES volume fractions v_e, we can statistically differentiate invasive ductal carcinomas from noninvasive papillary carcinomas for the 469- and 938-μm resolutions (P=.0017 and P=.0047, respectively), but not for the 2500-μm resolution (P=.9008). The color-thresholding method demonstrated that v_e measured by DCE MRI is statistically similar to histologically determined EES. The V_{extracellular} obtained from the color-thresholding method was statistically similar to the v_e measured with DCE MRI for the top 10 K_TRANS/V_T values (P>.05). DCE MRI-based K_TRANS/V_T estimates are not statistically correlated with histologically determined cellularity.

Conclusion

DCE MRI estimates of tumor physiology are a limited representation of tumor histological features. Extracellular spaces measured by both DCE MRI and microscopic analysis are statistically similar. Tumor typing by DCE MRI is spatial resolution dependent, as lower resolutions average out contributions to voxel-based estimates of K_TRANS/V_T. Thus, an appropriate resolution window is essential for DCE MRI tumor diagnosis. Within this resolution window, the top K_TRANS/V_T values with corresponding v_e are diagnostic for the tumor types analyzed in this study.     

An explanation of the phenomenon of polytypism

Based on the analogy between polytypes and spin-half Ising chains, polytypes can be considered as different phases of a spin-half Ising system with competing nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour interactions operating in a single direction. It is known that such an Ising system exhibits extremely rich and complicated phase behaviour. This behaviour is shown to be very similar to the phase behaviour exhibited by polytypes.     

无损贮存及涨罐饱和相热力学模型研究

在低温液体无损贮存及涨罐研究方面,经常采用一种假设容器内气、液相均为饱和相的热力学模型.这种模型比较符合实际,并能够大大简化容器内的热力学状态,是一种比较常用的热力学模型.文中利用一个5m3低温贮罐进行的液氮无损贮存及涨罐试验,对该热力学模型进行了对比研究,讨论了饱和相热力学模型误差产生的原因,对于无损贮存和涨罐研究具...     

A numerical model for multigroup radiation hydrodynamics

We present in this paper a multigroup model for radiation hydrodynamics to account for variations of the gas opacity as a function of frequency. The entropy closure model (M₁) is applied to multigroup radiation transfer in a radiation hydrodynamics code. In difference from the previous grey model, we are able to reproduce the crucial effects of frequency-variable gas opacities, a situation omnipresent in physics and astrophysics. We also account for the energy exchange between neighbouring groups which is important in flows with strong velocity divergence. These terms were computed using a finite volume method in the frequency domain. The radiative transfer aspect of the method was first tested separately for global consistency (reversion to grey model) and against a well-established kinetic model through Marshak wave tests with frequency-dependent opacities. Very good agreement between the multigroup M₁ and kinetic models was observed in all tests. The successful coupling of the multigroup radiative transfer to the hydrodynamics was then confirmed through a second series of tests. Finally, the model was linked to a database of opacities for a Xe gas in order to simulate realistic multigroup radiative shocks in Xe. The differences with the previous grey models are discussed.     

An example of applications of the elementary catastrophe theory in Hamiltonian systems

The convection in atmosphere discussed in ref. [1] is rigorously treated by considering the variation of environmental temperature with the height. This represents an example of applications of the elementary catastrophe theory in Hamiltonian systems.