Carbohydrate Hydrolase-Inhibitory Activity of Juice-Based Phenolic Extracts in Correlation to Their Anthocyanin/Copigment Profile

Red fruits and their juices are rich sources of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. Some studies have shown that such polyphenols can inhibit enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, that indirectly regulate blood sugar levels. The presented study examined the in vitro inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of various phenolic extracts prepared from direct juices, concentrates, and purees of nine different berries which differ in their anthocyanin and copigment profile. Generally, the extracts with the highest phenolic content—aronia (67.7 ± 3.2 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3-galactoside; chlorogenic acid), pomegranate (65.7 ± 7.9 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside; punicalin), and red grape (59.6 ± 2.5 g GAE/100 g; malvidin 3-glucoside; quercetin 3-glucuronide)—showed also one of the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase (326.9 ± 75.8 μg/mL; 789.7 ± 220.9 μg/mL; 646.1 ± 81.8 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (115.6 ± 32.5 μg/mL; 127.8 ± 20.1 μg/mL; 160.6 ± 68.4 μg/mL) and, partially, were even more potent inhibitors than acarbose (441 ± 30 μg/mL; 1439 ± 85 μg/mL). Additionally, the investigation of single anthocyanins and glycosylated flavonoids demonstrated a structure- and size-dependent inhibitory activity. In the future in vivo studies are envisaged.     

Quartzite an efficient adsorbent for the removal of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions

Quartzite obtained from local source was investigated for the removal of anionic dye congo red (CR) and cationic dye malachite green (MG) as an adsorbent from aqueous solution in batch experiment. The adsorption process was studied as a function of dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. Adsorption process was described well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacity remained 666.7 mg/g for CR dye and 348.125 mg/g for MG dye. Data was analyzed thermodynamically, ΔH⁰ and ΔG⁰ values proved that adsorption of CR and MG is an endothermic and spontaneous process. Adsorption data fitted best in the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The adsorption data proved that quartzite exhibits the best adsorption capacity and can be utilized for the removal of anionic and cationic dyes.     

微波无极紫外光助双氧水处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水研究

活性艳红X-3B(C.I.ReactionRed 2)是一种单偶氮染料,其应用范围广泛,可用于棉、粘纤、涤/棉、锦纶、蚕丝、羊毛、锦/粘等织物的染色和丝绸的印花,因此其废水量大且色度深。目前染料废水的生物处理方法脱色效果差、占地面积大、处理周期长,传统的物理法和化学法也存在着成本高、不能彻底矿化染料分子等缺点。近年来发展起来的光化学处理染料废水的方法及各种光化学组合技术日益受到人们关注,但其中使用的普通紫外灯存在使用寿命短、启动慢、发光不稳定、电极材料易损等缺点[1],致使光化学方法处理废水的成本很高。本文利用微波产生的高频…     

活性炭纤维电极生成羟基自由基降解酸性红B

分别采用具有吸附催化性能的活性炭纤维(ACF)作为阳极和阴极对水中偶氮染料酸性红B (ARB)的电化学降解情况进行了系统研究. 研究表明两种体系均可较好降解ARB, 可达到色度完全去除, 但ACF作为阴极电芬顿对有机物的矿化程度远远高于以ACF作为阳极时的矿化程度, 其TOC去除率达到70%, 高于阳极体系的30% TOC去除率. 通过电子自旋捕集技术(ESR)检测两种反应体系中产生的活性中间体, 发现在两种体系中均有高活性的羟基自由基生成, ACF阴极体系中产生的羟基自由基的量远远高于阳极体系产生量, 这是阴极体系有机物矿化效果较好的根本原因. 还对电流强度和初始pH的影响进行了研究, 并对两个体系反应机理进行了讨论.     

负载茜素红S的纳米磁性碳粉修饰电极测定牛白蛋白

采用化学沉积法在纳米碳粉上合成磁性Fe3O4颗粒,纳米碳粉吸附茜素红S后通过磁力附着在石墨电极上,制成了负载茜素红S的纳米磁性碳粉修饰电极。研究了该电极在0.014 mol/L H2SO4-0.2 mol/L KC l溶液中对ARS-牛白蛋白的电还原作用,考察了多种实验条件对峰电流的影响。在-0.45 V电位下,牛白蛋白浓度在1.5×10-8~9×10-7mol/L范围内与线性扫描伏安法还原电流成反比,从而实现对牛白蛋白的测定,并初步研究了电化学反应机理。此方法制成的磁性纳米颗粒修饰电极集分离、富集、测定和更新于一体,具有更新方便的特点。     

司帕沙星与茜素红荷移反应的研究

采用紫外分光光度法研究了π电子受体茜素红与电子给予体司帕沙星的荷移反应。确定了反应条件,建立了一种快速简便灵敏准确测定司帕沙星的荷移分光光度法。结果表明,司帕沙星与茜素红在(4+6)乙醇-水介质中,室温条件下即可形成1∶1稳定的荷移络合物,该络合物的最大吸收波长为530 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.8×103L.mol-1.cm-1,司帕沙星药物质量浓度在6~160mg/L范围内服从比尔定律,r=0.9991。当该法用于片剂中司帕沙星的测定时,回收率为99.75%~100.00%,相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=10)。     

中性红分光光度法测定肝素钠的研究

在pH 3.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,中性红与肝素钠相互作用形成复合物而导致溶液吸收光谱发生变化,用分光光度法对光谱变化进行了研究。 中性红溶液在523 nm处有一个强的特征吸收峰,当在其溶液中加入肝素钠后,溶液发生褪色现象,吸收峰强度降低,且没有新的吸收峰出现,吸光度差值(ΔA)与肝素钠的浓度成正比。 对结合反应的条件进行了优化,在最佳条件下利用溶液吸光度值的降低与肝素钠浓度的关系建立了一种测定肝素钠浓度的新方法,测定的线性范围为0.10～15.0 mg·L-1,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.037×106 L·mol-1·cm-1,检测限(3σ)为0.073 mg·L-1。 将该方法应用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,结果令人满意。 用摩尔比法对复合物的结合比进行了推算,两者形成1∶3的复合物。     

Pilot-Scale Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Dry Paprika Capsicum annuum: Influence of Operational Conditions and Storage on Extract Composition

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used to extract carotenoids from dry paprika Capsicum annuum. Studies regarding the effect of process parameters, including pressure (25–45 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and time (10–110 min), were carried out using response surface methodology. It was found that under optimal conditions (pressure of 45 MPa, temperature of 50 °C, and time of 74 min), the extract yield was 10.05%, and the total content of carotenoids in the extract was 4.21%, in good agreement with the predicted values (10.24% and 4.24%, respectively). Composition analysis showed that paprika extract mainly consisted of linoleic acid. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid content of the extracts obtained by SC-CO₂ extraction and n-hexane Soxhlet extraction. For functional purposes, the effect of storage conditions and time on the quality of paprika extract was also specified.     

薄层色谱-紫外可见分光光度法同时测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ

建立了测定食品中苏丹红色素含量的新方法——薄层色谱-紫外可见分光光度法,对影响测定的因素如样品预处理方式、展开剂等进行了讨论,检测苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5~14μg/mL,0.5~10μg/mL,0.5~15μg/mL,0.5~15μg/mL,线性相关系数均为0.999,检出限均为0.05μg/mL。该方法测定结果与国家标准方法测定结果基本一致。     

固溶体结构对Ca2-xSrxZn4Ti15O36∶Pr3+发光性质的影响

Ca_2-xSr_xZn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr red long decay phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. Photoluminescence property and crystalline and unit cell parameters of the orthorhombic were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometer and by powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. The emission intensity at 618 nm changes sharply when the concentration of Sr²⁺ (x) is less than 0.1 and the emission intensity reaches the maximum when x is equal to 0.007. There is an obviously broad excitation band at 270 nm when x is equal to 0.003 and it disappears gradually when x is over 0.01. The unit cell a parameter of Ca_2-xSr_xZn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr decreases while c parameter increases with the increases of the concentration of the doped Sr²⁺. When x is over 0.1 the value of the unit cell parameters a and c become stable. TL peaks of Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr, Ca_1.993Sr_0.007Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶0.002Pr³⁺, 0.002Na⁺, are located at 62 ℃, 88 ℃, respectively, which indicates that there are deeper traps in Ca_1.993Sr_0.007Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶0.002Pr³⁺, 0.002Na⁺.