原位成形光学微透镜的聚光性能研究

为解决荧光谱微检测系统中光学微透镜制作的困难,提出一种原位成形微透镜的制作方法,研究该微透镜的聚光性能,利用传统几何光学原理,分别推导出激发微透镜与检测微透镜的光线追迹方程,用该方程计算了2种微透镜的照射点分布几率,画出相应的分布曲线图,讨论了不同形状参数的微透镜对聚光性能的影响。研究结果表明,通过在光学胶中适当掺杂及打磨基底玻璃,可减小接触角,加大微透镜的形状参数,既能坚固透镜与基底间的粘接强度,又能提高微透镜的聚光本领。制作了使用原位成形光学微透镜的荧光谱微检测器,对生物荧光试剂进行了测试。实验结果表明,使用原位成形光学微透镜进行聚光,可使生物荧光谱强度提高4倍以上,通过在光学胶中掺杂以及打磨玻璃的办法,可以提高透镜的聚光本领约1.2倍。     

Implementation of the Laser Diffraction Technique for Acoustic Cavitation Bubble Investigations

Knowledge of the acoustic cavitation cloud would be useful for improving ultrasound reactor design. Among the characterisation techniques, few are adapted to bubble investigations in an intense ultrasound field. Some problems raised by these measurements result from interactions between the acoustic pressure wave and the measuring light wave. This paper reports the implementation of the laser diffraction technique to determine the size and volume concentration of bubbles generated by a dipping horn operating at 20 kHz. Measurements were performed with a Malvern 2600 instrument. The size distribution, deduced from the diffraction pattern scattered by the bubble cloud crossed by a laser beam, is disturbed by the acoustic pressure wave involving deviation of a light beam at low diffusion angles (acousto‐optic effect). A bubble size correction procedure based on the subtraction of the light energy due to the ultrasound wave is described. The size measurements, and thus the correction procedure, were validated by a second laser technique based on a different measuring principle: phase Doppler interferometry. The measurement reliability was further confirmed by an original application of laser diffraction based on measurements performed just after sonication. These three methods lead to a mean bubble size (Sauter mean diameter) of about 10 μm at a high ultrasound power input. Concerning the void fraction, only measurements achieved after sonication and by laser diffraction predict a correct estimation of this parameter.     

In‐Situ Measurement of Local Particle Flux Densities in a Complex Two‐Phase Flow

An optical measuring technique is presented allowing the exact in‐situ measurement of local particle flux densities in a confined channel flow by counting single particles penetrating an optically well defined measuring volume. This enables a precise flux determination up to the direct vicinity of planar walls. The measurement set‐up and its calibration as well as the whole test facility are described in detail. This measurement technique is used to study the particle transport in electrostatic precipitators. Exemplarily, results of particle flux profiles as well as precipitation, as gained from balances of parts of the precipitator channel, are presented. Furthermore, the possibility to determine particle velocity fluctuations is demonstrated.     

在BEPC上建造γ束线站的分析

考虑电子的反冲并利用康普顿散射,研究了激光同步辐射光源(LSS)辐射的光子波长、光子能量。结果表明,对于不同的γ,LSS辐射的光子波长和能量有不同的近似公式。当γ<<λ1/4λe时,LSS辐射的光子波长λ2≈λ1/4γ2,能量(εc2≈4γ2εc1;当γ>>λ1/4λe时,LSS辐射的光子波长λ2≈λe/γ,能量cε2≈m0γc2;结果表明,LSS辐射的条件是种子激光的波长λ1大于电子的物质波波长λm;LSS辐射的极值波长是λ2m ax=h/m0γv,极值能量是cε2m ax=βeε;本文后半部分提出了利用北京正负电子对撞机的强流高亮度电子束与激光的康普顿背散射产生单色γ射线的建议。     

二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中同相模的选择

 从理论和实验上对二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中的锁相进行了研究。在同相模和异相模近场分布的基础上,利用1维情况下的菲涅耳衍射公式计算了其远场分布。根据同相模和异相模在Talbot腔中的分布特性,采用1/2 Talbot腔并将外腔镜倾斜一个角度a的方法既能选择同相模,又能使模式的功率损耗最小。二极管激光阵列芯片采用CD金刚石材料,“三明治”结构对其进行封装,明显地减小了阵列的“smile”效应。在实验中实现了二极管激光阵列同相模的锁相输出,远场单瓣模的半高全宽为0.11 mm。     

北京大学DC-SC光阴极注入器的升级设计

 基于直流电子枪-超导加速腔（DC-SC）光阴极注入器样机的初步实验结果,北京大学提出了新的注入器的改进设计。新注入器核心结构包括皮尔斯枪和3+1/2超导腔。文章给出了它们的详细结构参数,然后采用程序,对注入器的束流动力学进行了模拟。结果发现：新注入器可以提供具有高束流品质、高平均流强的电子束,束团的电荷量100 pC,横向发射度低于2 mm·mrad,脉宽5 ps,rms束斑可达0.5 mm,重复频率81.25 MHz;也可以提供电荷量为300 pC低重复频率的高峰值流强的电子束,其横向发射度小于3 mm·mrad,脉宽约为9 ps,以满足北京大学自由电子激光（PKU-FEL）实验平台的要求。     

全气相化学激光体系的直流放电研究

 为了提高化学激光体系(AGIL)中F原子的产率，采用直流放电引发方式，对棒式电极的放电特性进行了研究。在对NF3/He混合气体进行解离时，通过选择不同平衡电阻，得到了3 kW左右的放电注入功率。用光谱分析仪对F原子产率进行了测量。通过拟合计算可得：一个NF3分子能够解离出1.3～1.5个F原子。     

Fe对掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃激光性能的影响

 在理论分析的基础上,具体讨论了Fe质量分数小于10^-4对1 053 nm处光吸收损耗和Nd³⁺无辐射跃迁几率的影响规律,发现Fe在1 053 nm处的光吸收损耗和Nd³⁺无辐射跃迁能量转移都与Fe质量分数成平方关系增长, Fe对1 053 nm光吸收的影响较大而Fe与Nd³⁺之间的能量转移不足50 Hz。这对生产过程中Fe含量的控制有重要指导意义。     

基于激光器激射特性的新型应变传感系统

报道了一种基于掺铒光纤激光器瞬态特性的新型应变传感系统.用光纤环反射镜和光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)构成Fabry-Perot线型腔.腔内插入一个长周期光纤光栅(LPG)，其透射谱的中心波长为1574.4nm.FBG的带宽为0.23nm，不受力时其反射波长为1557.98nm，位于LPG的透射谱左沿；当FBG受力时激射波长向长波方向移动，激光通过LPG时透射损耗增大，腔损耗的增加将使激光激射延迟时间增加.因此，应变的大小可以通过激光产生的延迟时间来测量.这种新型应变传感器的分辨率和灵敏度由抽运光脉冲的高、 关键词： 应变传感 光纤激光器 时域测量 光纤Bragg光栅     

利用皮秒脉冲激光驱动瞬态X射线激光

报道了利用皮秒激光驱动产生瞬态类镍银X射线激光的实验结果.采用一路脉冲宽度为数百皮秒的激光作为预脉冲，配合另一路皮秒激光作为主脉冲联合驱动平面靶，获得了一定强度的类镍银X射线激光输出，输出能量约为5—10nJ. 关键词： 瞬态X射线激光 长短脉冲联合驱动 皮秒脉冲激光