激光干涉法测引力常量

在扭摆法测量引力常量的基础上,提出利用激光干涉法测扭转偏角,并采用磁感应力来消减周围环境的噪声干扰,能使引力常量G的测量精度有很大提高.     

真值、随机误差、系统误差的新定义

我国计量技术规范《JJF1001—1998通用计量术语及定义》对真值、随机误差和系统误差给予了新的定义,对过去的定义作了原则上的改变.本文对新定义的科学性和合理性进行了讨论,并建议在大学物理实验教学和教材中采用.     

动态法测量材料的磁电效应

根据动态法测量磁电效应的基本原理,优化设计并建立了磁电效应测量系统,对其中的一些重要参数对磁电效应测量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,综合考虑测量需要,选择适当的测量参数,对于磁电效应的正确测量十分重要.适当增加线圈长度、减小线圈匝数以及减小交变磁场场强,都是提高磁电效应测量精度、减小测量误差的有效途径.     

2.45GHz ECR 强流等离子体源核心部件设计与实验研究

电子回旋共振(Electron Cyclotron Resonance,ECR)等离子体源能产生高电荷态离子、高流强的单电荷态离子,提供稳定的束流和良好的重复性.核心部件的设计对ECR等离子体源是至关重要的,磁场对等离子体的生成和分布有直接影响,良好的磁场可以提高等离子体的性能和效率.采用有限元分析方法对ECR等离子体源磁场进行分析与设计,得到了满足设计需求与目标的磁场位形,通过高斯计对设计的永磁环轴向磁场精确测量,发现磁场仿真结果与实验结果吻合比较好,只是轴向磁场最大值及对应位置上有点偏差.通过集成实验,研究核心部件对离子源引出束流强度的影响,引出束流稳定且强度达到7 m A.     

共轭高聚物双分子结构中激子电致解离的动力学研究

通过绝热动力学方法,研究了共轭高聚物双分子结构中激子对外加电场的响应.当外电场强度超过某个临界值时,激子会被解离成一对自由的电子与空穴.对于双分子结构中的激子,其临界解离电场除了受电子与电子相互作用以及电声相互作用影响之外,还受分子间相互作用的影响.由动力学演化的计算得到,激子临界解离电场强度随分子间相互作用强度的增大而呈非线性降低;随电子与电子相互作用强度的增大呈非线性减小的变化;但是,随电声耦合强度的增大却呈现出线性增大的变化.     

基于有限元的舌体三维温度场数值模拟

依据生物体自然形态所进行的三维温度场建构与计算是近年来国内外生物传热研究中的焦点之一.采用血管铸型的方法获取猪舌的血管树,通过数码成像及逆向建模将其转换为计算机可识别的数字模型.以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的舌体三维温度场进行了重构计算,并获得成功.通过此方法可获取其它生物体器官三维空间的温度分布,对本研究而言,舌体三维温度场计算的成功为探索生物传热与中医舌诊的机理研究搭建了技术平台.     

超细颗粒在交变电场中团聚过程的数值模拟

建立了异极性荷电颗粒在交变电场中的团聚系数模型,将其应用到Sectional算法中,模拟电场团聚作用对超细颗粒的脱除效果.比较模拟结果与文献中实验数据后发现,在初始浓度不太高时,模拟结果能较好地与实验结果相吻合,而在初始浓度很高时,两者有较大的差异.文中对造成上述现象的可能原因进行了分析.     

Information Field Theory and Artificial Intelligence

Information field theory (IFT), the information theory for fields, is a mathematical framework for signal reconstruction and non-parametric inverse problems. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) aim at generating intelligent systems, including such for perception, cognition, and learning. This overlaps with IFT, which is designed to address perception, reasoning, and inference tasks. Here, the relation between concepts and tools in IFT and those in AI and ML research are discussed. In the context of IFT, fields denote physical quantities that change continuously as a function of space (and time) and information theory refers to Bayesian probabilistic logic equipped with the associated entropic information measures. Reconstructing a signal with IFT is a computational problem similar to training a generative neural network (GNN) in ML. In this paper, the process of inference in IFT is reformulated in terms of GNN training. In contrast to classical neural networks, IFT based GNNs can operate without pre-training thanks to incorporating expert knowledge into their architecture. Furthermore, the cross-fertilization of variational inference methods used in IFT and ML are discussed. These discussions suggest that IFT is well suited to address many problems in AI and ML research and application.     

Meaningful Secret Image Sharing with Saliency Detection

Secret image sharing (SIS), as one of the applications of information theory in information security protection, has been widely used in many areas, such as blockchain, identity authentication and distributed cloud storage. In traditional secret image sharing schemes, noise-like shadows introduce difficulties into shadow management and increase the risk of attacks. Meaningful secret image sharing is thus proposed to solve these problems. Previous meaningful SIS schemes have employed steganography to hide shares into cover images, and their covers are always binary images. These schemes usually include pixel expansion and low visual quality shadows. To improve the shadow quality, we design a meaningful secret image sharing scheme with saliency detection. Saliency detection is used to determine the salient regions of cover images. In our proposed scheme, we improve the quality of salient regions that are sensitive to the human vision system. In this way, we obtain meaningful shadows with better visual quality. Experiment results and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.     

虚拟原子探针随机采样法用于氨基酸结构描述及其构效关系研究

考虑药物与蛋白质受体的3类非键作用模式, 利用8类虚拟原子探针和Monte Carlo随机采样技术, 得到了一套新的氨基酸侧链表面静电、立体及疏水势能场(ASSPF)参数. 在此基础上对苦味二肽和血管舒缓激五肽进行了结构表征和QSAR研究, 所建模型复相关系数R2和留一法交互检验复相关系数QLOOCV2分别为0.8457, 0.851和0.7688, 0.7952, 同时分析了肽链不同位置上氨基酸侧链对活性的影响, 取得较好的结果.