600MeV~(18)O ~(nat)Pb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅰ)实验和技术

采用在束气相热色谱的Hg元素分离方法和特殊的探测技术，测量了600MeV(18)O束轰击厚天然铅靶生成的(180)Hg至(209)Hg计20余种放射性Hg同位素产物的独立截面，描写了实验装置、探测技术、γ谱分析以及从递次衰变子体的γ活性来提取Hg同位素生成截面的方法。     

非束缚核9He的实验研究

简要介绍了目前有关非稳定核^9He的实验和理论研究现状．现代壳模型理论计算表明。He的基态自旋宇称为1／2^+，而不是1／2^-，即存在自旋宇称翻转现象．到目前为止，实验上虽然观测到了^9He的几个共振态，但还不能确认其基态的能量和自旋宇称值．利用新的实验技术——逆运动学弹性共振散射，对^9He核进行研究，给出了共振态的自旋宇称可能的取值范围．在ISOL型次级束装置上的实验有望能给出^9He核能级的精确测量．The status of theoretical and experimental investigations on unbound nucleus()~(9)He is briefly introduced. The results of modern shell model suggest that the ground state of~(9)He should be 1/2~(+) instead of 1/2~(- )as expected by the normal shell ordering. Therefore, it means that the parity inversion which was well known in~(11)Be occurs also in~(9)He ground state. Recently, some resonance states were observed in transfer reactions and final-state reaction, but their spin-parities cannot be exact...     

First energy and angle differential measurements of e+e−-pairs emitted by internal pair conversion of excited heavy nuclei

We present the first energy and angle resolved measurements of e⁺e⁻-pairs emitted from heavy nuclei (Z≥ 40) at rest by internal pair conversion (IPC) of transitions with energies of less than 2 MeV as well as recent theoretical results using the DWBA method, which takes full account of relativistic effects, magnetic substates and finite size of the nucleus. The 1.76 MeV E0 transition in ⁹⁰Zr (⁹⁰Sr source) and the 1.77 MeV M1 transition in ²⁰⁷Pb (²⁰⁷Bi source) have been investigated experimentally using the essentially improved setup at the double-ORANGE β-spectrometer of GSI. The measurements prove the capability of the setup to cleanly identify the IPC pairs in the presence of five orders of magnitude higher β⁻ and γ background from the same source and to yield essentially background-free sum spectra despite the large background. Using the ability of the ORANGE setup to directly determine the opening angle of the e⁺e⁻–pairs (Θ_e+e−), the angular correlation of the emitted pairs was measured within the range covered experimentally (40°≤Θ_e+e−≤ 180°). In the ⁹⁰Zr case the correlation could be deduced for a wide range of energy differences E _Δ of the pairs (−530 keV ≤E _Δ≤ 530 keV). The ⁹⁰Zr results are in good agreement with recent theory. The angular correlation deduced for the M1 transition in ²⁰⁷Pb is in strong disagreement with theoretical predictions derived within the Born approximation and shows almost isotropic character. This is again in agreement with the new theoretical results. Received: 22 April 1997 / Revised version: 16 December 1997     

25MeV/u 6He在9Be靶上引起的双中子转移

报道了经仔细设计的150MeV ⁶He+⁹Be实验,并在质心系大角度处测量¹⁰Be和¹¹Be同位素产物的实验数据.鉴别得到相应于单中子转移的371个¹⁰Be事件,同时观测到了相应于双中子转移的5个¹¹Be事件.由此得到相应微分截面分别为(0.11±0.02)mb/sr(θ_cm≈137.4°)和(1.0±0.7)μb/sr(θ_cm≈133.4°),结果表明在所研究的反应体系中,单中子转移截面要比双中子转移截面约大100倍.在⁶He由⁵He-n和α-2n组成的集团模型下,利用零力程扭曲波玻恩近似(DWBA)的计算程序,在数量级上重现了单、双中子转移反应的实验数据     

A facility upgrade at Texas A&;M University for accelerated radioactive beams

The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University is carrying out an upgrade project which will lead to accelerated radioactive ion beams at intermediate energies. The project involves recommissioning a K150 cyclotron for acceleration of stable beams which will be used to produce radioactive ions. Both light-ion and heavy-ion guides will be used to stop and transport the radioactive ions to a charge breeding electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Following charge breeding, highly-charged ions will be injected into the K500 cyclotron, accelerated and then transported to existing equipment to carry out experiments.     

Neutron-rich rare isotope production below the Fermi energy and its application to the Texas A&;M RIB upgrade

Recent efforts to produce and separate neutron-rich rare isotopes in peripheral collisions below the Fermi energy are presented. The experiments have been performed at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University employing beams from the K500 Superconducting Cyclotron. Two magnetic separators were used: the MARS recoil separator and the Superconducting Solenoid Line (BigSol Line). An enhanced production of neutron-rich nuclides in comparison with high-energy fragmentation mechanisms has been observed and attributed to the role of the N/Z and the nuclear periphery of the target. From a practical viewpoint, these reactions below or around the Fermi energy offer a novel way to access very neutron-rich rare isotopes. The experience obtained in the production of rare isotope beams (RIB) below the Fermi energy will be exploited in the ongoing RIB upgrade of the Cyclotron Institute that will involve production, stopping and reacceleration of rare isotopes.     

Multifoil UCx target for the SPES project --An update

The target system is one of the key issues for the facilities aimed at the production of neutron-rich radioactive ion beams. In the framework of the SPES project (Study for the Production of Exotic Species), the possibility of using a target configuration with a proton beam (40MeV, 0.2mA) directly impinging on multiple uranium carbide disks is investigated. The ²³⁸U fission fragments constitute the source for the exotic beams and for this purpose the disks are placed inside a graphite box at 2000 ^°C. The target is split into several thin disks in order to allow the cooling of the system by thermal radiation. In this way about ∼ 10¹³ fissions s ^-1 are obtained with a relative simple system and with relative low costs. Further steps have been performed compared to previous publications and now all the main parameters of the system have been analysed by means of calculation codes: the fission rates and the fission fragment distribution; the power deposition and the thermal analysis; the thermo-mechanical behaviours of the disks; the effusive and diffusive extraction release properties of the target.     

Prospects for exotic beam facilities in North America

There are several nuclear physics laboratories in North America that have on-going research using energetic and stopped radioactive beams. These include the large ISOL-type programs ISAC at TRIUMF and HRIBF at Oak Ridge and the in-flight fragmentation program at the NSCL of Michigan State University. There are also smaller, more specialized, programs using a variety of techniques at the 88-inch cyclotron of Berkeley, ATLAS at Argonne, the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University, the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Notre Dame University, and the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at SUNY/Stony Brook. There are also three projects on the horizon in North America for new capabilities in both the near term and more distant future. The intensities of the in-flight fragment beams at the NSCL will be increased dramatically very soon as the Coupled Cyclotron Project will be completed and commissioned for research by mid-2001. A new project, ISAC-II, has been approved in Canada. For the longer term, the United States is considering construction of a major new facility, the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), which would have a very high-intensity heavy-ion driver linac. The RIA facility is proposed to utilize both ISOL and in-flight production mechanisms. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

Physical preseparation: A powerful new method for transactinide chemists

In recent years, the concept of physical preseparation of single atoms was introduced into the field of transactinide chemistry. In this approach, the transactinide element of interest is isolated in a physical recoil separator and then extracted from this machine. The beam as well as the unwanted reaction products are strongly suppressed, allowing for the investigation of new chemical systems that were not accessible before. The most important aspects of the technique are discussed and the advantages for chemistry experiments with transactinides are presented, using some of the chemical studies that were performed with preseparated isotopes as examples.     

~(36)Cl的加速器质谱测量及其应用

长寿命核素36Cl的半衰期为3.01×105a,广泛分布于自然界中。加速器质谱是目前测量36Cl的最灵敏的方法。介绍了36Cl的样品制备及加速器质谱测量方法,重点描述了基于小型化加速器质谱发展起来的测量36Cl的探测方法及其特点,综述了各实验室利用36Cl在相关领域开展的工作及所取得的成果。