A Passive Method of Nondispersion Correlation Spectroscopy for Remote Monitoring of the Content of CO,SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, and NO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in the Atmosphere

The possibility of using a passive method of nondispersion correlation spectroscopy for remote monitoring of the content of the priority gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere with the aid of direct IR and UV solar radiation is considered. The calibration characteristics and noise immunity of nondispersion correlation radiometers used in determining the absorption mass of CO, SO₂, and NO₂ have been investigated.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 260–263, March–April, 2005.     

Ozone profiles and total column amounts derived at Izaña, Tenerife Island, from FTIR solar absorption spectra, and its validation by an intercomparison to ECC-sonde and Brewer spectrometer measurements

Since February 1999 high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra are recorded at the Izaña Observatory (, 2370 m a.s.l.), which forms part of the network for detection of stratospheric change (NDSC). The vertical distribution of the ozone amount was deduced from the spectra by using the retrieval code PROFFIT. Two microwindows at 782.5 and are used whereby an individually and regularly determined instrumental line shape (ILS) was applied. A detailed error analysis of the ozone retrieval is performed, i.e. the height-dependent impact of all important error sources on the retrieved profiles is estimated. The retrieved total column amounts and profiles as well as their estimated error budgets are verified by comparisons with column amounts and profiles derived from Brewer spectrometer and ECC-sonde measurements performed simultaneously at the same location. Whereas the mean difference of 1.9% of the FTIR total column amounts and the Brewer data lies within the precision of the instruments, systematic differences of up to 9% between FTIR and ECC-sonde profile are observed above . The assumed precisions of the experiments are consistent with the experimental results, which demonstrates the excellent characterization of the FTIR data. The analysis of systematic errors allows to conclude that the systematic differences are mainly due to the sonde data since the systematic errors in the FTIR profile can only explain a small part of them.     

Long-term evolution in the tropospheric concentration of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl2F2) derived from high-spectral resolution infrared solar absorption spectra: retrieval and comparison with in situ surface measurements

The average tropospheric volume mixing ratios of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl₂F₂) have been retrieved from high-spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar-absorption spectra recorded from March 1982 to October 2003 with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona (31.9°N, 111.6°W, 2.09 km altitude). The retrievals are based on fits to the unresolved ν₈ band Q-branches near using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm. The annual increase rate was equal to (16.88±1.37) parts per trillion (10^-12) by volume at the beginning of the time series, March 1982, or (4.77±0.04)%, 1 sigma, declining progressively to (2.49±1.24) parts per trillion, by volume at the end, October 2003, or (0.46±0.24)%, 1 sigma. Average tropospheric mixing ratios from the solar spectra have been compared with average surface flask and in situ sampling measurements from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, CO, (USA) (40.0°N, 105.5°W, 3013 m altitude). The average ratio and standard deviation of the monthly means of the retrieved tropospheric mixing ratios relative to the CMDL surface mixing ratios is (1.01±0.03) for the overlapping time period. Both datasets demonstrate the progressive impact of the Montreal protocol and its strengthening amendments on the trend of CCl₂F₂, though a tropospheric decrease has yet to be observed.     

Luminescent Eu(III) and Tb(III) Complexes: Developing Lanthanide Luminescent-Based Devices

This mini review gives some highlights of the work recently carried out in our research group in Dublin on the developments of lanthanide luminescent devices, where the future goal is to produce devices that can operate as sensors. A few examples demonstrate our design principles for targeting both anion and cations that are of biological or pharmaceutical relevance, where the recognition occurs in aqueous competitive media. We also discuss the possibility of developing mixed f-d metal complexes and conjugates that can be employed as novel supramolecular architectures.     

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy of GFP Transgenic Plants

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and other fluorescent protein bioreporters can be used to monitor transgenes in plants. GFP is a valuable marker for transgene presence and expression, but remote sensing instrumentation for stand-off detection has lagged behind fluorescent protein marker biotechnology. However, both biology and photonics are needed for the monitoring technology to be fully realized. In this paper, we describe laser-induced fluorescence imaging and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of GFP-transgenic plants in ambient light towards the application of remote sensing of transgenic plants producing GFP.     

基于红外被动探测遥传的地面遥感侦察

利用被动的红外探测方式，通过无线电扩展红外系统的作用距离，提供了一种地面侦察的手段．实验证明，该系统精确度高，实用性强，并可作为大学物理演示实验．     

Satellite infrared imagery, rawinsonde data, and gravity wave remote sensing of severe convective storms

GOES digital infrared data during the time period between two hours before the touchdown of tornado and the tornado touchdown time were used in this study. Comparison between tornado-associated clouds and non-tornado-associated clouds indicates that the difference between overshooting cloud top temperature and the tropopause temperature, or how much the cloud has penetrated above the tropopause, rather than either the absolute temperature of penetrative cloud top or the height of the top of overshooting turret is significant for the possible formation of severe storms. The penetrative overshooting cloud top collapses about 15 to 30 minutes before the touchdown of tornado. Gravity waves were detected from the severe convective storms.     

A simple and robust set-up for on-column sample preconcentration – nano-liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> N</Emphasis>-acylhomoserine lactones

A simple method for the simultaneous, rapid and sensitive determination of N-acylhomoserine lactone signaling molecules in bacterial isolates, without prior sample preconcentration and with minimal sample cleanup, is presented. The analysis relies on the combination of analyte preconcentration and separation on a single device: a relatively large sample volume (1–5 L) is directly loaded onto a laboratory-made, miniaturized (75 m i. d.) reverse phase nano-liquid chromatography column, connected on-line to a microelectrospray-ionization ion trap mass spectrometer. In a first step the analyte is adsorbed (and so concentrated) at the beginning of the column, and is eluted and selectively separated in a second step by the organic mobile phase. Sample preconcentration follows the mechanisms of solid phase extraction on a nano-scale, while separation takes place according to classical liquid chromatography separation principles. The columns can be manufactured easily, are simply connected, and used with minimal solvent amounts; this makes this method extremely robust and cost-effective. The analytical setup was found to be routinely quantitative down to a concentration of 10 ng/mL (corresponding to a total analyte amount of 10 pg or ca. 50 fmol). The limit of detection was reached at 1 ng/mL (1 pg, ca. 5 fmol). Compared to the classical AHL analysis of bacterial cultures with biosensors, where selectivity and sensitivity is often limited, this rapid analytical technique is a substantial qualitative and quantitative improvement. Two unsubstituted N-acylhomoserine lactones could be identified and quantified from a Burkholderia cepacia culture supernatant in a chloroform extract.     

Biomimetic selectivity

Synthetic organic chemistry normally achieves selectivity by manipulation of the intrinsic reactivity of the substrate, but enzyme use is quite a different principle. The geometry of the enzyme-substrate complex determines enzymatic selectivity, completely overwhelming any normal selective reactivities. Biomimetic chemistry aims to imitate the enzymatic style. Some early approaches used attached reagents or templates to direct photochemical and free radical processes, with a combination of geometric and reactivity control. Recent work uses a mimic of the enzyme class cytochrome P-450 to achieve the selective hydroxylations of steroids with complete domination by the geometry of the catalyst-substrate complex.     

面向网络发布的海洋遥感数据库引擎设计与应用

以浙江海洋水质遥感速报GIS系统的实现为例．针对海洋遥感数据有效管理和网络动态发布的需求,自主设计了面向海洋遥感数据的空间数据库引擎MRSSDE（Marine Remote Sensing Spatial Database Engine）,详细介绍了MRSSDE的数据存储结构和数据访问机制．在浙江海洋水质遥感速报GIS系统中的应用表明,该引擎在对海洋遥感数据方面具有存储效率高、数据上载速度快及响应时间短的特点,达到了海洋遥感数据高效管理和网络实时发布的目的．