一个奇摄动微分方程非线性混合边值问题

研究了一个三阶半线性微分方程的奇摄动非线性混合边值问题.利用边界层函数法构造了该问题的形式渐近解,并采用微分不等式理论证明了解的存在性,给出了渐近解的误差估计,最后得出了边界层函数指数型衰减的结论.     

Coherent Vibrational Dynamics and High-resolution Nonlinear Spectroscopy： A Comparison with the Air/DMSO Liquid Interface

We present a comparative study on the C-H stretching vibrations at air/DMSO （dimethyl sulfoxide） interface with both the free-induction decay （FID） coherent vibrational dynamics and the sub-wavenumber high resolution sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy measurements. In principle the frequency-domain and time-domain spectroscopic measurements should generate identical information for a given molecular system. However, when the molecular systems are with several coupled or overlapping vibrational modes, obtain- ing detailed spectroscopic and coherent dynamics information is not as straightforward and rather difficult from either the time-domain or the frequency domain measurements. For the case of air/DMSO interface that is with moderately complex vibrational spectra, we show that the frequency-domain measurement with sub-wavenumber high-resolution sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy is probably more advantageous than the time- domain measurement in obtaining quantitative understanding of the structure and coherent dynamics of the molecular interface.     

Antioxidant Activity Degradation,Formulation Optimization,Characterization, and Stability of Equisetum Arvense Extract Nanoemulsion

Equisetum arvense supercritical CO₂ extracts (EAE) contained an initial antioxidant activity of 10.3 mM TEAC that suffered a sharp first order kinetics decay characterized by half-life time (t_1/2) of 1.05 ± 0.03 and 0.86 ± 0.03 weeks at 25 and 4°C, respectively. The aim of the present work was to develop a nanoemulsion formulation for providing EAE protection against deleterious environmental factors and extending its shelf-life functionality. The nanoemulsion area was identified by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams and response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation conditions. The best formulation achieved an EAE encapsulation efficiency of 97.5 ± 0.5% and antioxidant activity half-life time (t_1/2) was extended to 12.32 ± 0.40 and 14.56 ± 0.60 weeks at 25 and 4°C, respectively.      

直流电晕充电下环氧树脂表面电位衰减特性的研究

介质材料表面电荷的积累和衰减行为是制约众多高压直流电力设备研制的关键因素. 薄片状介质试样的表面电荷密度与表面电位近似呈线性关系, 因此常通过表面电位衰减行为研究表面电荷的衰减特性. 基于电晕充电、表面电荷沉积和脱陷、介质体内单极性电荷输运等3个物理过程, 建立表面电位动态响应的物理模型. 通过计算环氧树脂的表面电位衰减行为, 得到栅极电压、相对介电常数和体电导率等对其表面电位衰减特性的影响. 栅极电压越高, 表面电位的衰减速度越快; 环氧树脂材料参数典型值(相对介电常数3.93, 体电导率10^-14 S· m^-1)下, 归一化表面电位的衰减速率随时间变化的曲线可拟合为分段幂函数, 其中, 分段幂函数的特征时间、指数系数与栅极电压分别呈幂函数和线性变化关系. 相对介电常数越大, 表面电位的衰减速度越慢; 环氧树脂相对介电常数典型范围(3–4)内, 表面电位衰减时间常数由1720 s增大到2540 s, 两者呈线性关系. 体电导率越大, 表面电位的衰减速度越快; 环氧树脂体电导率典型范围(10^-15–10^-13 S· m^-1)内, 表面电位衰减时间常数由24760 s 减小到260 s, 两者呈幂函数变化关系.     

icMRCI+Q理论研究CF离子12个-S态和23个?态的光谱性质

采用考虑Davidson修正的内收缩多参考组态相互作用(icMRCI+Q)方法结合相关一致基组aug-ccpV5Z和aug-cc-pV6Z计算了CF~+离子第一离解极限C~+(~2p_u)+F(~2P_u)对应的12个∧-S态(X~l∑~+,a~3∏,1~3∑~+,1~3Δ,1~1∑~-,1~1∑~-,1~3∑~-,2~1∑~+,1~1∏,2~3∏,2~1∏和2~3∑~+)所产生的23个Ω态的势能曲线.计算中考虑了旋轨耦合效应、核价相关和标量相对论修正以及将参考能和相关能分别外推至完全基组极限.基于得到的势能曲线,获得了束缚和准束缚的9个∧-S态和16个Ω态的光谱常数,并且X~1∑~+,a~3∏~(势阱一)∧-S态的光谱常数与已有的实验结果非常符合.此外,计算了CF自由基X~2∏态到CF~+离子束缚和准束缚的9个∧-S态的垂直电离势和绝热电离势,并且CF~+(X~1∑~+)←CF(X~2∏)和CF~+(a~3∏(势阱一))←CF(X~2∏)的垂直电离势和绝热电离势与相应的实验结果也非常符合.由a~3∏,1~1∏态和其他激发∧-S态势能曲线的交叉现象,借助于计算的旋轨耦合矩阵元,分析了a~3∏~(势阱一),1~1∏~(势阱一)和2~1∑~+态的预解离机理.计算的23个Ω态离解极限处的相对能量与实验结果十分吻合.最后计算了(2)0+~(势阱一)(v'=0-5),(1)1~(势阱一)(v'=0-5)和(2)1~(势阱一)(v'=0)到X0~+态跃迁的Franck-Condon因子和辐射寿命.     

Low Temperature Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

In this short letter, we describe the effects of low temperature on the Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon. Fluorophores close to Silver Island Films (SiFs) show on average two- to ten-fold enhancements in their fluorescence signatures at room temperature. However, at 77 K, we have observed that MEF is even more pronounced as compared to an identical glass control sample. We also demonstrate that the further enhancements in MEF occur at low temperature over a range of visible wavelengths for different fluorophores, for both SiFs and 20 nm surface deposited gold colloids.     

Surface charge dynamics studied by the temporal evolution of the corona charging current

The decay of surface charges deposited on the dielectric material by the partial discharge (PD) activity has a great impact on the repetition of partial discharges. In this work, the effect of dielectric placed on the surface of ground electrode in a needle-plane configuration on the discharge activity was investigated, with the application of a periodic negative step voltage. The charge decay mechanisms on a corona charged dielectric surface were investigated based on a comparison between experiments and a FEM-based numerical model. The comparison indicates that the surface charges may decay due to different mechanisms depending on the applied stress.     

Analysis of aquatic‐phase natural organic matter by optimized LDI‐MS method

The composition and physiochemical properties of aquatic‐phase natural organic matter (NOM) are most important problems for both environmental studies and water industry. Laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry facilitated successful examinations of NOM, as humic and fulvic acids in NOM are readily ionized by the nitrogen laser. In this study, hydrophobic NOMs (HPO NOMs) from river, reservoir and waste water were characterized by this technique. The effect of analytical variables like concentration, solvent composition and laser energy was investigated. The exact masses of small molecular NOM moieties in the range of 200–1200 m/z were determined in reflectron mode. In addition, spectra of post‐source‐decay experiments in this range showed that some compounds from different natural NOMs had the same fragmental ions. In the large mass range of 1200–15 000 Da, macromolecules and their aggregates were found in HPO NOMs from natural waters. Highly humic HPO exhibited mass peaks larger than 8000 Da. On the other hand, the waste water and reservoir water mainly had relatively smaller molecules of about 2000 Da. The LDI‐MS measurements indicated that highly humic river waters were able to form large aggregates and membrane foulants, while the HPO NOMs from waste water and reservoir water were unlikely to form large aggregates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.