模拟辐射传热的离散坐标法的改进

针对离散坐标法模拟求解炉内辐射换热的问题,在对辐射传递方程采用控制容积法离散时,按辐射方向上各界面之间的投影关系划分区域,对辐射传递方程在各子控制体上沿辐射传输方向进行积分,求解各子控制体的辐射强度,再取容积平均值作为最终节点的辐射强度的新离散坐标方法,定义为分段积分离散坐标法,并对三维矩型燃气炉内辐射换热进行了数值模拟,与传统离散坐标方法及区域法进行了比较,比较结果表明新离散坐标法较好的解决了假散射问题,提高了离散坐标法的精度.     

氢气扩散火焰中辐射源项湍流脉动特征的PDF模拟

采用κ-ε湍流模型、标量联合的概率密度函数(PDF)输运方程和层流火焰面模型相结合,模拟氢气自由扩散火焰中辐射源项湍流脉动特征.给出了主燃区内辐射源项湍流脉动的频率图.辐射源项的样本点分布集中,大约95%以上的样本落在其系综的±3倍方差以内,频谱图为单峰.     

Radiative lifetimes of Rydberg 6pnd J=2 states of Pb I by multichannel quantum defect theory

Energy levels of the odd-parity 6pnd J=2 Rydberg states of Pb I are analysed by the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) in the frame of a five-channel three-limit calculation model. With optimal MQDT parameters, channel admixture coefficients are obtained and used to calculate the theoretical lifetimes of the levels by comparing to the previously measured lifetimes. The predicted lifetimes for higher-lying Rydberg states are given and discussed. These predicted lifetimes are very different from those obtained by the four-channel two-limit model pl:eviously used, which means that introduction of the additional interacting channel is important for studying the 6pnd J=2 Rydberg states of Pb I.     

Constructive interference via collision—aided radiative excitation

We have studied theoretically constructive interference via collision-aided radiative excitation in an open four-level system using a density matrix approach. The four-level system consists of a Λ-type three-level quantum-beat configuration driven by one laser field and a fourth level coupled by a vacuum mode. It is shown that through the incoherent process (collision), coherence between widely-separated doublets and subsequent constructive interference can be realized. We analyse the effects of the collision-induced coherent and incoherent decay rates, laser intensity, and energy separation of the doublets on the interference. Meanwhile, the constructive interference between the two transition pathways 3P_1/2-4D and 3P_3/2-4D via equal-frequency hybrid excitation and collision-aided radiative excitation in an Na₂-Na system is experimentally observed. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is obtained.     

北京谱仪R值测量中的初态辐射修正

从R值测量实验的角度讨论了e⁺e^－碰撞通过单光子湮没产生强子截面的辐射修正,分析了3种典型的计算方案.在BEPC/BES上运行的2—5GeV能区,不同方案给出的辐射修正因子理论值(1+δ)的差别大约是1%—2%,而每一方案计算中由于各种不确定因素带来的有效辐射修正因子(1+δobs)的总误差约为2%—3%.     

甲醇分子荧光光谱的研究

采用Roper Scientific SP_2558多功能光谱测量系统对色谱纯甲醇溶液在紫外光激励下产生的荧光光谱进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,甲醇溶液能吸收紫外光并向外发射峰值位于340nm附近的荧光光谱,同时得到了能产生荧光光谱的最长激励光波长的临界值为245nm左右。对甲醇分子发射荧光的机理进行了讨论,给出了与实验结果相一致的理论分析。研究甲醇的荧光光谱可为其作为有机溶剂和催化剂时对其他有机大分子相关光谱的影响提供理论和实验上的参考,并可直接为荧光探针技术的发展提供服务。     

基于激光雷达的垂直能见度反演算法及其误差评估

针对大气垂直方向上消光系数分布不均匀难以用传统方法直接测量垂直能见度的问题,提出了一种基于激光雷达探测垂直能见度的计算方法。根据大气辐射传输基本原理,借助于辐射传输方程,推导出了垂直能见度的计算公式;然后利用激光雷达原理方程和Klett算法反演出大气垂直方向上的消光系数分布,基于此提出了垂直能见度的迭代算法。最后,利用灰色模型GM(1,1)和批统计算法,对激光雷达反演得到的后向散射系数进行了评估,给出了误差置信区间为(0.760±0.339)×10^-4(srad·km)^-1。结果表明,该方法是一种特别有效的计算垂直能见度的方法,符合探测的基本需求,且误差小精度高。     

Experimental review of the ϒ(1S, 2S, 3S) physics at e+e− colliders and the LHC

The three lowest-lying \mathrm{\Upsilon } states, i.e., \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S), \mathrm{\Upsilon }(2S), and \mathrm{\Upsilon }(3S), composed of bb¯ pairs and below the BB ¯ threshold, provide a good platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in e⁺e⁻ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S) and \mathrm{\Upsilon }(2S) decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the “80% rule” for the Okubo–Zweig–Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) states can also be produced in pp collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understandΥproduction mechanisms in pp collisions. The observation of the sequentialΥsuppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS, LHCb, and ALICE is of great importance for verifying the quark–gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.     

一维瞬态辐射传输的有限元法模拟

随着超短脉冲激光的快速发展,吸收散射性介质内的瞬态辐射传输引起了人们的广泛关注.本文基于离散坐标法和最小二乘有限元法(LSFEM),提出了模拟多维吸收散射性介质内瞬态辐射传输的数值模型.该模型有效地克服了在标准Galerkin有限元法(GFEM)中发生的伪振荡现象,在时间步长较大的情况下仍然可以得到光滑无振荡的解.而且,最小二乘法产生的求解系数矩阵是对称正定的,与GFEM中的系数矩阵相比,仅需要存储一半的非零系数,可以应用许多高效的迭代求解方法进行求解.为了检验模型,本文研究了一维吸收散射性介质内瞬态辐射传输问题,其结果与蒙特卡洛法(MCM)和积分模型法(IE)的结果进行了比较,结果证实:本文的方法可以精确、高效地模拟参与性介质内的瞬态辐射传输.