Theory of radiation from relativistic positrons moving in the 〈110〉 axial channels of f.c.c. (diamond) crystal

The emission of radiation from relativistic positrons moving in the 〈110〉 axial channels of an f.c.c. (diamond) crystal has been studied. An expression for the radiation intensity has been obtained for the general case of positron motion. This expression has been simplified for the particular case of well-collimated incident beam. Enhancement of the radiation over (ordinary) bremsstrahlung has been discussed.     

High-pressure and high-temperature generation using diamond/sic composite anvils prepared with hot isostatic pressing

Using a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique, we synthesized diamond/SiC composites from diamond and Si powders. At an HIP condition of 1450 °C and 100 MPa, a pressure much lower than that of the diamond stability field, diamond powders react with molten Si to form well-sintered diamond/SiC composites. Cubes of the composites with 15 mm edge length were thereby fabricated, and an application to the second stage anvils in a Kawai-type high-pressure apparatus was attempted. A hybrid anvils system using four cubes of the composites and four of the conventional WC was introduced and heating experiments up to 1600 °C became possible. Because the diamond/SiC composites are transparent to X-rays, the present system is applicable not only to diffraction studies but also to radiographic studies that need a larger window for an X-ray image.     

铝丝阵列Z箍缩的辐射磁流体动力学过程

在拉格朗日坐标系下,建立了描述Z箍缩等离子体内爆动力学过程的一维三温辐射磁流体力学方程组,并编制了相应的拉氏程序。利用该程序对美国Sandia实验室Saturn装置上的铝丝阵列内爆实验进行了数值模拟,得到了内爆等离子体各参量的时空分布。其中内爆到心时刻、X光峰值功率、X光总能量等计算结果与实验结果基本一致。表明所建立的物理模型和编制的程序是合理和可靠的。     

大平面二极管虚阴极振荡器的宽脉冲微波辐射

给出了产生宽脉冲微波辐射的大平面天鹅绒二极管虚阴极振荡器的结构和测试装置,测得了二极管中阴–阳极等离子体的闭合速率为30~43km/s,获得了微波辐射的最大脉宽为1.5μs,产生的微波峰值功率约为15MW,频率为0.5GHz,指出这种平面二极管型虚阴极振荡器在辐射脉宽,辐射频率和辐射功率三者之间存在着物理上的制约关系,认为同轴型虚阴极振荡器是突破这种制约关系的一个新途径。     

2×2列联表中二属性相关的Bayes检验

2×2列联表中二属性相关的假设检验是定性数据分析中的热点问题,针对此问题的研究频率学派已做过大量的工作,其理论方法已趋于成熟.利用Bayes检验研究2×2列联表中二属性的相关性迄今为止国内外的相关文献还为数不多.将依据Bayes理论对此问题提出新的检验方法,推出其Bayes因子计算公式,利用正态近似研究三项假设计算出有关的后验概率,不仅解决了频率学派难以处理的问题,并且为吸烟有害健康提供了理论支撑.     

Proper-Time Classical Electrodynamics

We construct a generalization of Maxwell's equations associated with the proper-time of the source which accounts for radiation reaction without any assumptions concerning the nature of the source. The theory leads to a new invariance group, related to the Lorentz group, which leaves the proper-time of the source fixed for all observers.     

稀磁半导体Cd_（1－x）Fe_xTe的磁光光谱

在７０－３００Ｋ温度范围内测量了组分ｘ为０．０１和０．０４的Ｃｄ１－ｘＦｅｘＴｅ及ＣｄＴｅ的法拉第效应随入射光子能量的变化，首次获得了Ｃｄ１－ｘＦｅｘＴｅ在布里渊区Γ点和Ｌ点的有效ｇ因子及其与温度的关系。给出了Ｆｅ２＋离子与载流子间的ｓｐ－ｄ交换作用常数Ｎ０（β－α）＝（－１．５７±０．０３）ｅＶ。     

基于MCPT解法器库的专用辐射探测模拟软件研发与应用北大核心CSCD

甲状腺内^(131)I放射性活度与辐射探测结果的比例关系与甲状腺几何尺寸、探测距离等因素相关,是估算甲状腺内^(131)I含量与其可能造成的辐照损伤的关键参数。基于MCPT辐射输运数值模拟算法器库开发了用于开展NaI探测器伽马辐射测量模拟的应用程序,进而建立了多组具有不同容积的甲状腺型容器和不同探测距离的物理模型,最终通过蒙特卡罗数值计算得到了不同测量状态下探测器的探测效率。在甲状腺型容器与探测器距离较远时,数值模拟给出的结果与理论计算结果一致,证明此应用程序可用于定量分析NaI的探测效率。数值模拟结果表明,小距离模型的结果受甲状腺样容器的大小和距离的显著影响,模拟给出的探测效率表为开展深入细致的实验研究奠定了基础。     

A Factor Analysis Perspective on Linear Regression in the ‘More Predictors than Samples’ Case

Linear regression (LR) is a core model in supervised machine learning performing a regression task. One can fit this model using either an analytic/closed-form formula or an iterative algorithm. Fitting it via the analytic formula becomes a problem when the number of predictors is greater than the number of samples because the closed-form solution contains a matrix inverse that is not defined when having more predictors than samples. The standard approach to solve this issue is using the Moore–Penrose inverse or the L2 regularization. We propose another solution starting from a machine learning model that, this time, is used in unsupervised learning performing a dimensionality reduction task or just a density estimation one—factor analysis (FA)—with one-dimensional latent space. The density estimation task represents our focus since, in this case, it can fit a Gaussian distribution even if the dimensionality of the data is greater than the number of samples; hence, we obtain this advantage when creating the supervised counterpart of factor analysis, which is linked to linear regression. We also create its semisupervised counterpart and then extend it to be usable with missing data. We prove an equivalence to linear regression and create experiments for each extension of the factor analysis model. The resulting algorithms are either a closed-form solution or an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. The latter is linked to information theory by optimizing a function containing a Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence or the entropy of a random variable.     

Effects of low-LET radiations on CR-39 track detector

The effects of Co-60 gamma-rays and about 25-MeV pulsed electrons have been investigated on CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. The bulk etch rate was measured as a function of the absorbed dose under three different irradiation conditions; gamma-ray exposure in air at the dose rate of 6 kGy/h, that in vacuum and electron shower in air at 126 kGy/h on average. It was found that the bulk etch rate (V) increased nearly exponentially with the dose (D); V=V₀exp(kD), and the characteristic parameter (k) was 35, 9 and 12 MGy⁻¹, respectively. It is considered that a lack of oxygen in damage formation processes could occur momentarily during a short electron pulse, just similarly to the vacuum effect of reduction in track etch rates in outgassed CR-39 plastic.