金属冲击温度测量中金属/窗口界面表观光谱辐亮度的再研究

 在冲击压缩下，理想接触的金属/窗口界面温度历史是时间无关的，因而一般认为界面的表观光谱辐亮度也是时间无关的。研究表明：（1）在冲击压缩下，将伴随金属对光的吸收系数减小和光学厚度增大。因此，在考虑辐射输运效应后，理想接触的金属/窗口界面处的表现光谱辐亮度是时间相关的。非常明显的时间相关过程自冲击波到达界面后持续约10 ns。（2）若把存在空间温度梯度的金属界面辐射看作是透光厚度内平均温度的等效辐射效应，其结果与辐射输运效应的计算结果是很相近的。     

100～500 GPa 4.2Ni2.45Fe0.35CoW合金的冲击压缩性和物态方程

 用二级轻气炮驱动飞片技术及对称碰撞技术，测量了两相合金4.2Ni2.45Fe0.35CoW（以下简称93W）的雨贡纽线。其压力范围为100~500 GPa。实测的冲击波速度D和粒子速度u可用直线关系式D=4.008+1.277u (km/s)描述。实验结果与用混合物雨贡纽线叠加原理的计算结果符合甚好。文中还给出了由实验数据计算得到的物态方程数据。     

The optimum bandwidth of chirp signals in ultrasonic applications

A new formula for the pulse-compression ratio achievable with linear FM pulses (chirp signals) in ultrasonic applications is derived. The calculations take into account the frequently omitted effects of the transfer function of an ultrasonic transducer. For a squared-cosine type transducer spectrum, the optimum chirp signal bandwidth is 1.14 times the 6 dB bandwidth of the transducer. The pulse-compression ratio is 2.24 dB lower than in the case of an ideal broadband transducer. Measurements show a close agreement with the presented theory.     

Ultrafast dynamics in the excited hydrogen atom transfer states of ammonia clusters

Neutral ammonia clusters (NH₃)_m are photo-excited to the electronic state by a deep UV femtosecond laser pump pulse. Within a few hundred femtoseconds a significant fraction of the clusters rearrange to form an H-transfer state (NH₃)_m-2NH₄(3s)NH₂ with the subunit NH₄ in its 3s electronic ground state. This state is then electronically excited by a time-delayed infrared control pulse of variable wavelength. Finally, a third (probe) pulse in the UV ionizes the clusters for detection. The lifetime of the excited (NH₃)_m-2NH₄(3p)NH₂ states is found to vary between 2.7 and 0.13 ps depending on cluster size and excitation energy. It increases drastically upon deuteration. The corresponding cluster size-dependent photoelectron spectra allow us to disentangle the underlying energetics of the excitation and ionization process and reveal additional processes, such as nonresonant ionization or dissociative ionization. The experimental findings suggest that the excited H-transfer ammonia complexes with m > 2 are deactivated by an internal conversion process back to the electronically lowest H-transfer state followed by fast dissociation. Received 22 September 2001 and Received in final form 31 January 2002     

无氧铜的准等熵压缩性

 利用递变冲击阻抗材料叠合而成的组合飞片，在二级轻气炮上对无氧铜进行了准等熵压缩性测量，加载时间约达1 μs。用激光速度干涉仪连续记录了不同厚度处无氧铜样品自由面速度随时间的变化过程，并通过拉格朗日波分析技术计算得到40 GPa下的准等熵的应力-应变曲线。结果表明：在低应力区，无氧铜的准等熵压缩线位于冲击绝热线之上；到32 GPa以上，准等熵压缩线才回落到冲击绝热线之下。这个现象与Barker、Chhabildas等对铝与钨的实测现象是一致的，它表明：在低应力区，材料的冲击强化效应与加载速率密切相关。     

25ps可见喇曼光探针

给出了受激喇曼效应中,有关脉冲压缩的主要关系式。选择适应的实验条件可以将聚焦光束受激喇曼散射脉冲压缩大于10倍。     

一种矢量量化编码的快速搜索算法

提出了一种矢量量化编码的快速匹配算法。利用码书的拓扑结构和柯西 施瓦兹不等式的性质推导出了消除不必要匹配操作的条件,并根据这个条件提出了快速搜索算法。实验结果表明,该算法不仅明显降低了矢量编码过程的复杂程度,同时也保证了与全搜索编码相同的图像编码质量。与其它搜索方法的操作次数和存储空间进行了比较。     

Changes in electrical resistance of carbon‐black‐filled silicone rubber composite during compression

We studied the changes in the electrical resistance of carbon black filled silicone rubber composite, which is the sensitive element of the flexible force sensor, as a function of time during compression. The experimental results show that there is a sudden increase of the electrical resistance along with the sudden increase of the stress immediately after the compression. When the sample strain is kept constant, the electrical resistance and the stress both decay with time. The data of the stress relaxation and the resistance relaxation both can be fitted by the linear combination of two exponential functions. Based on the shell structure theory, the experimental phenomena are explained from the view that the uniaxial pressure induces the changes in the effective conductive paths. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2700–2706, 2007     

二维核磁共振数据的噪声剔除与数据压缩

讨论了对二维核磁共振数据进行噪声剔除与数据压缩的一般原理与方法,介绍在Sun图形工作站上的实现情况,并给出实验结果与分析。     

Numerical validation of the shear compression specimen. Part I: Quasi-static large strain testing

The shear compression specimen (SCS), which is used for large strain testing, is thoroughly investigated numerically using three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element simulations. In this first part of the study we address quasi-static loading. A bi-linear material model is assumed. We investigate the effect of geometrical parameters, such as gage height and root radius, on the stress and strain distribution and concentration. The analyses show that the stresses and strains are reasonably uniform on a typical gage mid-section, and their average values reflect accurately the prescribed material model. We derive accurate correlations between the averaged von Mises stress and strain and the applied experimental load and displacement. These relations depend on the specimen geometry and the material properties. Numerical results are compared to experimental data, and an excellent agreement is observed. This study confirms the potential of the SCS for large strain testing of material.