Quantum fluctuations as deviation from classical dynamics of ensemble of trajectories parameterized by unbiased hidden random variable

A quantization method based on replacement of c-number by c-number parameterized by an unbiased hidden random variable is developed. In contrast to canonical quantization, the replacement has a straightforward physical interpretation as a statistical modification of classical dynamics of an ensemble of trajectories, and implies a unique operator ordering. We then apply the method to develop quantum measurement without wave function collapse and external observer a la pilot-wave theory.     

Evolutionary game on a stochastic growth network

In some real complex systems the structures are difficult to map or changing over time. To explore the evolution of strategies on these complex systems, it is not realistic enough to specify their structures or topological properties in advance. In this paper, we address the evolutionary game on a stochastic growth network adopting the prisoner’s dilemma game. We introduce a growing rate q$q$ to control the ratio of network growth to strategy evolution. A large q$q$ denotes that the network grows faster than strategy evolution. Simulation results show that a fast growing rate is helpful to promote the average payoffs of both cooperators and defectors. Moreover, this parameter also significantly influences the cooperation frequency on the resulting networks. The coexisting mechanisms in this paper may provide a beneficial insight for understanding the emergence of complex topological structures and game behaviors in numerous real systems.     

Exact Eigenfunctions of N-body System with Quadratic Pair Potential

We obtain the energy spectrum and all the corresponding eigenfunctions of N-body Bose and Fermi systems with Quadratic Pair Potentials in one dimension. The original first excited state or energy level is disappeared in one dimension, which results from the operation of symmetry or antisymmetry of identical particles. In two and higher dimensions, we give the energy spectrum and the analytical ground state wave functions and the degree of degeneracy. By comparison, we refine Avinash Khare's results by making some items in his article precisely.     

Phase stability,elastic, electronic,thermal and optical properties of Ti3Al1−xSixC2 (0≤x≤1): First principle study

The structural parameters with stability upon Si incorporation and elastic, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of Ti₃Al_1−xSi_xC₂ (0≤x≤1) are investigated systematically by the plane wave pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The increase of some elastic parameters with increasing Si-content renders the alloys to possess higher compressive and tensile strength. The Vickers hardness value obtained with the help of Mulliken population analysis increases as x is increased from 0 to 1. The solid solutions considered are all metallic with valence and conduction bands, which have a mainly Ti 3d character, crossing the Fermi level. The temperature and pressure dependences of bulk modulus, normalized volume, specific heats, thermal expansion coefficient, and Debye temperature are all obtained through the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effects for T=0−1000 K and P=0−50 GPa. The obtained results are compared with other results available. Further an analysis of optical functions for two polarization vectors reveals that the reflectivity is high in the visible–ultraviolet region up to ∼10.5 eV region showing promise as a good coating material.     

Stability analysis of a Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below

Based on a modified-Darcy–Brinkman–Maxwell model, stability analysis of a horizontal layer of Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below is performed. By solving the eigenvalue problems, the critical Rayleigh number, wave number and frequency for overstability are determined. It is found that the critical Rayleigh number for overstability decreases as the relaxation time increases and the elasticity of a Maxwell fluid has a destabilizing effect on the fluid layer in porous media. On the other hand, the critical Rayleigh number for overstability increases by increasing the porous parameter which acts to stabilize the system. In limiting cases, some previous results for viscoelastic fluids in nonporous media are recovered from our results.     

Effects of superspreaders in spread of epidemic

Within the standard SIR model with spatial structure, we propose two models for the superspreader. In one model, superspreaders have intrinsically strong infectiousness. In other model, they have many social connections. By Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain the percolation probability, the propagation speed, the epidemic curve, the distribution of secondary infected and the propagation path as functions of population and the density of superspreaders. By comparing the results with the data of SARS in Singapore 2003, we conclude that the latter model can explain the observation.     

Topological Structure of Vortex Solution in Jackiw-Pi Model

By using φ-mapping method, we discuss the topological structure of the self-duality solution in Jackiw-Pi model in terms of gauge potential decomposition. We set up relationship between Chern-Simons vortex solution and topological number, which is determined by Hopf index and Brouwer degree. We also give the quantization of flux in this case. Then, we study the angular momentum of the vortex, which can be expressed in terms of the flux.     

Combined implementing the hole-drilling method and reflection hologram interferometry for residual stresses determination in cylindrical shells and tubes

Main features inherent in simplified approach to residual stresses determination in cylindrical shells and tubes, external diameter of which is not less than 60 mm, by combing the hole-drilling method and reflection hologram interferometry are discussed in detail. Initial experimental information in a form of hole diameter increments in principal stress directions is derived from high-quality reflection holograms recorded near cylindrical objects of intermediate curvature value. Converting measured parameters into required stress values is based on the transition model that corresponds to plane stress conditions of pure membrane type. The technique developed is capable of determining residual stress component values within 5% accuracy in an absence of stress gradients over the probe hole diameter when a type of residual stress field corresponds to the transition model adopted. The accuracy analysis involved is based on matrix formulation of conventionally direct problem and an assumption on a pure membrane character of residual stress field under study for thin-walled shell. Required error estimations in a case of inspecting thick-walled cylindrical tube are obtained by combining the above-mentioned approach and an analogy of reconstructed fringe patterns with actual and artificial interferograms, which follow from drilling blind hole of the same geometrical parameters in thick-walled plates. Experimental verification of the developed approach is founded upon a determination of actual stresses in thin-walled cylindrical shell and obtaining residual stress distributions at the proximity of welded joint in thick-walled cylindrical tube.     

A QCD Model Using Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative, which contains both vector and scalar gauge bosons. Based on this theory, we construct a strong interaction model by using the group U（4）. By using this U（4） generalized Yang-Mills model, we also obtain a gauge potential solution, which can be used to explain the asymptotic behavior and color confinement.     

Discrete channel modelling based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for training hidden Markov model

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been used to model burst error sources of wireless channels. This paper proposes a hybrid method of using genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) to train HMM for discrete channel modelling. The proposed method is compared with pure GA, and experimental results show that the HMMs trained by the hybrid method can better describe the error sequences due to SA's ability of facilitating hill-climbing at the later stage of the search. The burst error statistics of the HMMs trained by the proposed method and the corresponding error sequences are also presented to validate the proposed method.