Retention of ionizable compounds on HPLC. Modelling retention for neutral and ionizable compounds by linear solvation energy relationships

Summary A global LSER model that relates HPLC retention to mobile phase composition and pH is tested for a varied group of solutes, both neutral and ionizable, in a polymeric column and methanol-water mobile phases. It is compared to the local LSER model developed only for a given mobile phase, i.e., a fixed organic modifier content, and to the global LSER model set only for neutral solutes. The global LSER model for neutral and ionizable solutes requires a few supplementary parameters over the other models tested, but it accounts for retention under any experimental conditions for a given column and methanol-water mobile phases, describing properly the interactions established in the HPLC system (hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bond acidity and basicity, dipolarity/polarizability…). This paper is number 13 of a series with the same general title: “Retention of Ionizable Compounds on HPLC” published in various journals.     

Interface interactions in modulated phases,and upsilon points

Certain features in Frenkel-Kontorova and other models of phases with a one-dimensional modulation can be analyzed by assuming parallel interfaces separating sets of lattice planes belonging to two different phases, and treating the free energy to create interfaces, as well as the interaction of two, three, or more interfaces, as phenomenological parameters. A strategy employed by Fisher and Szpilka for interacting defects can be extended to the case of interfaces, allowing a systematic study of the phase diagram by ignoring all interface interactions, and then successively taking into account pair, triple, and higher-order terms. The possible phase diagrams which can occur near the point where =0 include: various sorts of endpoints analogous to critical endpoints, an accumulation point of first-order transitions and triple points, and a self-similar structure which we call an upsilon point, which turns out to be an accumulation point of an infinite number of segments of first-order transition lines, each of which terminates in two upsilon points.     

Indirect detection in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Ion-pair retention models for ionic compounds on μ Bondapak phenyl

Summary Retention models for ionic compounds in reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic systems have been developed on the basis of the capacity ratios of solutes and ionic mobile phase components using indirect detection. The binding to the adsorbent, μBondapak Phenyl, has been expressed by ion-pair distribution constants and tested in the retention models by non-linear regression. All the ionic compounds followed adsorption models of the Langmuir type comprising two kinds of binding sites with widely different adsorption capacities and binding constants. The results indicate certain differences between the two sites regarding the binding of cationic and anionic components, respectively.     

Unveiling the Hidden Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine,a Molecule with a Multimodal Mechanism of Action: A Position Paper

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and an over-the-counter food supplement with a well-demonstrated multimodal mechanism of action that includes the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the down-regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of aberrant protein formation, and the modulation of cells in the peripheral (macrophages) and brain (microglia) immune systems. Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, a plethora of in vivo preclinical studies have been carried out; however, there is still substantial heterogeneity regarding the route of administration, the dosage, the duration of the treatment, and the animal model selected, underlining the urgent need for “coordinated/aligned” preclinical studies laying the foundations for well-defined future clinical trials. The main aim of the present position paper is to critically and concisely consider these key points and open a discussion on the possible “alignment” for future studies, with the goal of validating the full therapeutic potential of this intriguing molecule.     

热丝和射频等离子体化学气相沉积法制备定向碳纳米管薄膜

采用热丝和射频等离子体复合化学气相沉积设备(PE-HF-CVD),以CH4、H2和N2为反应气体.在较低衬底温度下(500℃),用简单的催化剂制备方法--旋涂法在硅片上涂覆Ni(NO3)2溶液,经热处理及H2还原后的Ni颗粒为催化剂,在硅衬底上制备出了垂直于硅片且定向生长的碳纳米管薄膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果显示,1 mol/l的硝酸镍溶液旋涂硅片所得催化剂制得的碳纳米管管径为30～50 nm,长度超过4μm,定向性好.并用拉曼光谱(Raman)对不同摩尔浓度Ni(NO3)2溶液条件下制备的碳纳米管薄膜样品进行了表征.     

Spin gapless semiconductor like Ti2MnAl film as a new candidate for spintronics application

A novel Heusler ferrimagnet Ti₂MnAl film has been grown on Si(001) substrate using magnetron sputtering. Characteristics of its magnetic and transport properties reveal the spin‐gapless‐semiconductor (SGS) nature of the stoichiometric Ti₂MnAl, in agreement with theoretical prediction. The as‐grown SGS‐like Ti₂MnAl film demonstrated high Curie temperature, nearly compensated ferrimagnetic properties with small coercivity and low magnetization. It also showed semiconductor‐like behavior at room temperature allowing good compatibility with commercial Si‐based semiconductor. In this regards, Ti₂MnAl film is a potential candidate material for spintronics application, especially for the minimization of energy consumption of device. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Spin-correlation function of the fully frustrated Ising model and ± J Ising spin glass on the square lattice

In this work we study the correlation function of the ground state of two-dimensional fully frustrated Ising model as well as spin glass. The Pfaffian method is used to calculate free energy and entropy as well as correlation function. We estimate the exponent of spin correlation function for fully frustrated model and spin glass. In this paper an overview of the latest results on the spin correlation function is presented.