重离子核反应与核物质状态方程

核物质状态方程描述核物质结合能、压强、密度和中子—质子数差异等宏观量之间的关系。核物质状态方程不仅仅与核力属性、核结构性质以及重离子核反应的动力学过程紧密相关,还与致密星体如中子星的结构、演化、辐射与并合等天体过程紧密相关。基于加速器装置的重离子核反应实验,是地面实验室模拟产生极端条件核物质的唯一手段,因而也成为研究核物质状态方程的有效途径。当核物质中的中子数远大于质子数时,例如中子星内部的情形,核物质状态方程中的主要贡献项是对称能项。迄今为止,对称能关于密度的函数是核物理和天体物理中一个未知而又非常重要的物理量。通过重离子核反应的实验和理论研究来确定对称能的密度依赖关系及其在核反应以及致密星天体事件中的物理效应,是当代核物理基础研究的重要前沿。文章介绍了中能重离子核反应和核物质状态方程的一些背景知识和研究方法,以及近年来的一些进展。     

Splitting an Arbitrary Three-Qubit State via a Five-Qubit Cluster State and a Bell State

Quantum information splitting (QIS) provides an idea for transmitting the quantum state through a classical channel and a preshared quantum entanglement resource. This paper presents a new scheme for QIS based on a five-qubit cluster state and a Bell state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the unknown three-qubit secret state to two agents by the quantum channel with the Bell basis measurement three times and broadcasts the measurement results to the agents through the classical channel. The agent who restores the secret state can successfully recover the initial information to be transmitted through the appropriate unitary operation with the help of the other party. Firstly, our scheme’s process can be accurately realized by performing the applicable Bell basis measurement, single-qubit measurement, and local unitary operation instead of a multiparticle joint measurement. The splitting process of quantum information is realized through a convenient operation. Secondly, compared with some previous schemes, the efficiency of the total scheme has been improved in principle, and the qubit consumption is reduced. Finally, the security of the quantum information splitting scheme is analyzed from the perspectives of external attacks and participant attacks. It is proved that our scheme can effectively resist internal participant attacks and external eavesdropper attacks.     

Runge-Kutta stability on a Floquet problem

This work examines the stability of explicit Runge-Kutta methods applied to a certain linear ordinary differential equation with periodic coefficients. On this problem naïve use of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian results in misleading conclusions about stable behaviour. It is shown, however, that a valid analogue of the classical absolute stability theory can be developed. Further, using a suitable generalisation of the equilibrium theory of Hall [ACM Trans. on Math. Soft. 11 (1985), pp. 289–301], accurate predictions are made about the performance of modern, adaptive algorithms.Supported by the University of Dundee Research Initiatives Fund.     

Non-destructive detection and generation of the Werner state via a dissipative process

We propose a scheme for the non-destructive detection of an unknown Werner state by detecting the steady-state output intensity of the probe field. Moreover, with a similar mechanism, a Werner state can be generated as a stationary state by pumping the cavity field. The numerical simulations indicate that both the state detection and generation schemes are effective and efficient.     

Eu2+,Dy3+共掺杂硼铝锶长余辉玻璃陶瓷

首次介绍了一种新型长余辉材料:Eu^2 ,Dy^3 共掺杂硼铝锶长余辉玻璃陶瓷，该玻璃陶瓷用紫外灯、日光、荧光灯均可激发，发射黄绿色余辉，余辉的发射峰位于516nm，来自于Eu^2 的5d→^8S7/2跃迁。用12000 lx的荧光灯激发样品20分钟，停止激发后10秒时，该玻璃陶瓷的余辉亮度为3．53cd/m^2，色坐标为：x=0.2842,y=0.5772;停止激发后5小时55分钟，该玻璃陶瓷的余辉亮度为0．01cd/m^2；停止激发30小时后，余辉在黑暗中仍肉眼可见。文中对该玻璃陶瓷的相关性质进行了表征，并提出了可能的长余辉机理。     

依状态独立的随机环境中的马氏链

本主要讨论了依状态独立的随机环境中的马氏链，并严格地证明了依状态独立的随机环境中的马氏链，如果在环境不退化的一般情形下，不是时齐马氏链，而环境退化必然是马氏链这个结论。     

A characterization for mixtures of semi-Markov processes

Mixtures of recurrent semi-Markov processes are characterized through a partial exchangeability condition of the array of successor states and holding times. A stronger invariance condition on the joint law of successor states and holding times leads to mixtures of Markov laws.     

场景自适应的红外焦平面成像动态范围调整技术

针对红外焦平面对辐射强度较大的目标输出动态范围不足的问题,提出了一种场景自适应的红外焦平面成像动态范围调整技术。包括3个方面的内容：从图像中提取目标灰度特征,获取动态范围自适应依据;结合最小均方自适应滤波算法,对调整依据进行滤波预测后给出调节值;把灰度调节值转换成电平值,利用电平值设置红外焦平面偏置电压完成焦平面成像动态范围自适应。最后,对整体方案进行了实验验证。通过在红外焦平面成像系统中实验证明了基于场景成像动态范围自适应方法的可行性,并获得了很好的效果,成像质量有明显提高。     

The synthesis and photolysis mechanisms of 8‐nitroquinoline‐based photolabile caging groups for carboxylic acid

Photolabile protecting groups have been extensively studied and applied for protection of small biological molecules, which make it convenient to detect the biological processes of the caged compounds. In this study, a series of 8‐nitroquinoline‐based photolabile caging groups for carboxylic acid were synthesized with improved photolysis efficiency. Among them, 6‐bromo‐8‐nitro‐1, 2‐dihydroquinolinyl chromophore was proven the best derivative on account of its longest absorption wavelength (345 nm), highest caging ability, and quantum yield (Φ = 0.003). Moreover, density functional theory calculations were performed in order to study the photolysis mechanisms. Theoretical calculations revealed that the reaction was kinetically inert under general mild condition with the high barrier height of 34.3 kcal/mol at carbonyl migration step, while under the photolysis condition, because of the large energy gap (64.5 kcal/mol) between S₀ and S₁ states, the reaction should be accessible in the triplet ground state (T₁) through successive excitation of S₀ → S₁ states, subsequent intersystem crossing of S₁ → T₁ states, and finally returned to the stable S₀ state for product via potential energy surface crossing between T₁ and S₀ states. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.