Terahertz generation in quantum cascade structures by two-color deriving fields: An approach to reach inversion population via optical pumping

In this paper, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) design is proposed based on GaAs/AlGaAs material system, which simultaneously operates at three widely separated wavelengths (${\lambda }_1=11.1\mu m,{\lambda }_2=14.1\mu m$ and ${\lambda }_{THz}=60\mu m$). In the design, all the wavelength radiations are achieved by the engineering of the electronic spectrum via the quantum-well widths and the applied electric field in a single active region within a same waveguide. The mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths are obtained by adoption a dual-upper-state active region, and the proposed design aims to use both the mid-IR radiations as the coherent deriving fields to populate the upper THz lasing state to aid the THz-laser population inversion via optical pumping instead of direct electrical injection. A detailed analysis of electronic transport in the structure is carried out using a multi-level rate-equation model. The results show that the proposed structure offers an alternative approach to room temperature THz generation in QCLs.     

Redox- and protonation-state driven substrate-protein dynamics in respiratory complex I

Respiratory complex I is a key enzyme in the electron transport chains of mitochondria and bacteria. It transfers two electrons to quinone and couples this redox reaction to proton pumping to electrically charge the membrane it is embedded in. The charge and pH gradient across the membrane drives the synthesis of ATP. The redox reaction and proton pumping in complex I are separated in space and time, which raises the question of how the two reactions are coupled so efficiently. Here, we focus on the unique ～35 Å long tunnel of complex I, which houses the binding site of quinone reduction. We discuss the redox and protonation reactions that occur in this tunnel and how they influence the dynamics of protein and substrate. On the basis of recent structural data and results from molecular simulations, we review how quinone reduction and dynamics may be coupled to proton pumping in complex I.     

Mn助剂加入方式对铁基催化剂F-T合成性能的影响

采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了系列微球状Fe/Mn/K催化剂,结合H2 DTG、CO TPR、Mossbauer谱等表征手段,研究了Mn助剂的加入方式对铁基催化剂物相结构、还原和碳化行为以及F-T合成性能的影响。催化剂在浆态床反应器中以接近F-T合成实际工况条件 (250℃、1.5MPa、H2/CO=0.67和2.0L /(gcat·h)) 进行评价。结果表明,以共沉淀方式加入Mn助剂具有较强的Fe Mn相互作用,从而抑制了催化剂的还原和碳化,降低了催化剂的活性,提高了催化剂的稳定性。而以部分共沉淀和黏结剂方式加入Mn助剂促进了催化剂的还原和碳化,提高了反应活性加速了催化剂的失活。与共沉淀Mn相比,部分共沉淀和黏结剂Mn提高了重质烃和烯烃的选择性,同时抑制了有机含氧化合物的生成。     

Stability of a Laser-diode-pumped Cr~(4 )∶YAG Passively Q-switched Nd~(3 )∶YAG Laser

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The Effect of Incoherent Population Pumping on Squeezing in Resonance Fluorescence

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Steady state Behaviour of a Three level Ladder Atomic System with Incoherent Population Pumping in a Squeezed Vacuum

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Dissipation, decoherence and preparation effects in the spin-boson system

The dynamics of the reduced density matrix of the driven dissipative two-state system is studied for a general diagonal/off-diagonal initial state. We derive exact formal series expressions for the populations and coherences and show that they can be cast into the form of coupled nonconvolutive exact master equations and integral relations. We show that neither the asymptotic distributions, nor the transition temperature between coherent and incoherent motion, nor the dephasing rate and relaxation rate towards the equilibrium state depend on the particular initial state chosen. However, in the underdamped regime, effects of the particular initial preparation, e.g. in an off-diagonal state of the density matrix, strongly affect the transient dynamics. We find that an appropriately tuned external ac-field can slow down decoherence and thus allow preparation effects to persist for longer times than in the absence of driving. Received 23 October 1998 and Received in final form 26 February 1999     

The Effect of Incoherent Population Pumping on Squeezing in Resonance Fluorescence

The effect of incoherent population pumping on the steady-state population inversion and the quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom is investigated. In the presence of incoherent population pumping, the steady-state population inversion is increased for small frequency detuning but is not changed for large frequency detuning. For resonant excitation at low intensities, the weak incoherent pumping degrades the degree of the squeezing and shifts the position of the maximum squeezing; for off-resonant excitation at strong intensities, the weak incoherent pumping hardly changes the squeezing spectra. But when the incoherent pumping is strong the squeezing may be completely destroyed for both cases.     

An apparatus for NMR of laser polarized 129Xe on single crystal surfaces

Due to a lack of at least 2 orders of magnitude in the amount of sample nuclei, single crystal surfaces are out of reach for conventional NMR measurements. Our aim is to prove that highly polarized ¹²⁹Xe provides a technique to overcome this restriction. Therefore an apparatus for polarizing ¹²⁹Xe up to 0.7 by spin transfer from optically pumped Rb has been designed as well as an NMR spectrometer in combination with a UHV chamber with sample cleaning, cooling and characterization abilities and a special manifold of glass stopcocks with a liquid nitrogen cooled trap for dosing nitrogen free polarized Xe into the chamber onto the surface. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.