光折变晶体(BaSr)TiO3感应自泵浦相位共轭及光学双稳的理论分析

给出光折变晶体感应自泵浦相位共轭的一种理论解释，利用数值计算求解相应的耦合波方程，得出感应自泵浦相位共轭光与诱导光之间在一定条件下所呈现的双稳关系以及可逆尖和不可逆感应的特性，其分析结构与笔者先前得到的实验结果吻合。     

二极管激光侧面泵浦腔内倍频Nd：YAG板条激光器研究

用准连续６０Ｗ的二极管激光列阵侧面泵浦“之”字形Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ板条激光器，当泵浦功率为４５Ｗ，脉宽为４００μｓ时，得到３．５ｍＪ的激光输出。用ＫＤ＊Ｐ电光开关调Ｑ，得到１８ｎｓ（ＦＷＨＭ）、２ｍＪ的脉冲激光输出，用ＫＴＰ晶体作腔内倍频，得到１５ｎｓ、０．８５ｍＪ的二次谐波激光输出。在腔内无调Ｑ元件且腔长小于５ｃｍ时，于近阈值处得到单频绿光输出，而当泵浦功率稍大，腔内有数个纵模振荡时，观察到激光的反相态，并用数值模拟的结果对此作了解释。     

Dependence of the refractive power of Nd:YAG rods on the intracavity intensity

The refractive power of two flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG rods was measured as being dependent on the output coupling of the resonator. With laser oscillation, the refractive power or thermal heat is decreased by up to 15% and a minimum occurs at a specific output coupling. The experimental results could be explained by a theoretical model assuming a non-radiative transition from the upper laser level to the ground state. The lifetime of this non-radiative transition decreases with increasing pumping power per pulse and, for pumping power higher than 100 kW, saturation at a value of 0.63 times the fluorescence lifetime occurs. The results indicate that the non-radiative process is caused by energy migration to flashlamp-induced transient quenching centres.     

Announcements

Recent numerical investigations on pressure surges during pump trip in pumping installations showed that by including an air entrainment variable wave speed model, reasonable predictions of transient pressure surges with proper phasing and attenuation of pressure peaks can be obtained. These calculated results are consistent with similar field measurements made with the pumps operating at low pump cut-out levels, when air entrainment due to an attached surface vortex was observed. However, in the numerical calculation procedures it is assumed that the inertia of the moving elements of the check valve is small and that the check valve closes at zero reverse flow velocity. In practice, check valves seldom close precisely at zero reverse flow velocity. With the check valves not closing at zero reverse velocity, the present numerical computations show that the air content in a fluid system can adversely affect the check valve performance. With the fluid system operating within a critical range of air entrainment values, the present analysis showed that there is a possibility of ‘check valve slamming’ when the check valves are selected based only on the analysis of an air-free system. This phenomenon is confirmed through field observations.     

Operational characteristics of dual gain single cavity Nd:YVO4 laser

Operational characteristics of a dual gain single cavity Nd:YVO₄ laser have been investigated. With semiconductor diode laser pump power of 2 W, 800 mW output was obtained with a slope efficiency of 49%. Further, by changing the relative orientation of the two crystals the polarization characteristics of the output could be varied. In particular by keeping the two Nd:YVO₄ crystals with their c-axes orthogonal to each other and adjusting the gain of the crystals so that both operate at approximately the same power level, completely unpolarized beams could be obtained.     

Energy Transfers in a System of Two Coupled Oscillators with Essential Nonlinearity: 1:1 Resonance Manifold and Transient Bridging Orbits

The purpose of this study is to highlight and explain the vigorous energy transfers that may take place in a linear oscillator weakly coupled to an essentially nonlinear attachment, termed a nonlinear energy sink. Although these energy exchanges are encountered during the transient dynamics of the damped system, it is shown that the dynamics can be interpreted mainly in terms of the periodic orbits of the underlying Hamiltonian system. To this end, a frequency-energy plot gathering the periodic orbits of the system is constructed which demonstrates that, thanks to a 1:1 resonance capture, energy can be irreversibly and almost completely transferred from the linear oscillator to the nonlinear attachment. Furthermore, it is observed that this nonlinear energy pumping is triggered by the excitation of transient bridging orbits compatible with the nonlinear attachment being initially at rest, a common feature in most practical applications. A parametric study of the energy exchanges is also performed to understand the influence of the parameters of the nonlinear energy sink. Finally, the results of experimental measurements supporting the theoretical developments are discussed. This study was carried out while the author was a postdoctoral fellow at the National Technical University of Athens and at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.     

New results for the Liebau phenomenon via fixed point index

We prove new results regarding the existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear periodic boundary value problem related to the Liebau phenomenon. As a consequence we obtain new sufficient conditions for the existence of a pump in a simple model. Our methodology relies on the use of classical fixed point index. Some examples are provided to illustrate our theory. We improve and complement previous results in the literature.     

Contribution to efficiency of irreversible passive energy pumping with a strong nonlinear attachment

The present study deals with nonlinear energy pumping which consists in passive irreversible transfer of energy from a linear structure to a nonlinear one. Various results (theoretical, numerical, and experimental) about energy pumping based on recent works are given. Thus, the phenomenon is studied for different excitations: transient and periodical. Moreover, advantages of such a system are carried out in particular efficiency of this phenomenon. That is why the robustness and comparison with classical tuned mass damper are analyzed. An application is considered with physical experiment using a reduced scale building.     

Heat transfer augmentation and pumping power in double-pipe heat exchangers

One of the criteria for evaluating the performance of a heat exchanger with extended surfaces is the pumping power required for a specified heat duty. The results of an experimental project to relate the pumping power to heat transfer augmentation in a double-pipe heat exchanger are reported. The inner, electrically heated pipe was provided with external, rectangular, axial extended surfaces with interruptions. Heat transfer augmentation and friction factors were determined for different configurations with air as the fluid. Starting with continuous fins, cuts were introduced in the fins to give four ratios of the finssegment length to the gap between the segments, and finally all the fins were removed, which resulted in smooth pipes. Five different mass flow rates in two different inner pipes were employed. Lengths, surface areas, and pumping powers for finned pipes are compared with those for smooth pipes. The average heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the frequency of the interruptions. For equal heat transfer rates a significant reduction in the lengths can be achieved by interrupted fins. In many cases the reduction in the length is also accompanied by a reduction in the pumping power.     

不同耗能器安装方式下的结构振动控制效果分析

在斜支撑和Ⅴ形支撑的基础上，提出了安装阻尼器的三种新型附加联动机构支撑形式；并对这三种支撑形式下的阻尼器行程和控制力的计算进行了分析，采用放大系数的形式使计算公式得以简化；以SMA耗能阻尼器为对象，利用笔者编写的计算机程序，对包括斜支撑和Ⅴ形支撑在内的五种阻尼器安装方式进行了仿真计算。结果表明：(1)不同安装方式的振动控制效果各不相同，上肢联动机构的放大作用最大；(2)SMA耗能阻尼器的控制效果受SMA丝材长度的影响较大；(3)对不同的结构和不同的阻尼器应选择不同的阻尼器安装方式，才能使整体控制效果达到最佳。