Endogenous and exogenous hydrogen influence on amorphous silicon thin films analysis by pulsed radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

During the last decade the photovoltaic industry has been growing rapidly. One major strategy to reduce the production costs is the use of thin film solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The potential of pulsed radiofrequency glow discharge coupled to optical emission spectrometry (rf-PGD-OES) for the analysis of such type of materials has been investigated in this work. It is known that when hydrogen is present in the argon discharge, even in small quantities, significant changes can occur in the emission intensities and sputtering rates measured. Therefore, a critical comparison has been carried out by rf-PGD-OES, in terms of emission intensities, penetration rates and depth resolution for two modes of hydrogen introduction in the discharge, manually external hydrogen in gaseous form (0.2% H₂–Ar) or internal hydrogen, sputtered as a sample constituent. First, a comparative optimisation study (at 600 Pa and 50 W) was performed on conducting materials and on a silicon wafer varying the pulse parameters: pulse frequency (500 Hz–20 kHz) and duty cycle (12.5–50%). Finally, 600 Pa, 50 W, 10 kHz and 25% duty cycle were selected as the optimum conditions to analyse three types of hydrogenated samples: an intrinsic, a B-doped and a P-doped layer based on a-Si:H. Enhanced emission intensities have been measured for most elements in the presence of hydrogen (especially for silicon) despite the observed reduced sputtering rate. The influence of externally added hydrogen and that of hydrogen sputtered as sample constituent from the analysed samples has been evaluated.     

水下针-板放电气泡脉动及冲击特性

为明确水中脉冲放电能量释放过程所产生气泡的脉动和压力波冲击特性,依据能量等效原则,在LS-DYNA软件中建立针-板电极结构的水下爆轰模型,模拟气泡形态。通过与获取的物理图像比对,发现气泡形态和时间演化尺度高度一致。在此基础上,对气泡的冲击特性进一步分析,结果表明：冲击波峰值、气泡脉动周期和半径大小随放电能量增加而加大,随静水压力的增加而减小;当放电电压由14 kV增至20 kV,二次压力波峰值由2.89 MPa升至4.09 MPa,提高41.5%;当静水压力由202.65 kPa增至506.63 kPa,二次压力波峰值从5.15 MPa升至6.36 MPa,提高23.5%,放电能量和水压的增加对二次压力波提升明显;随着距离增加,二次压力波所占冲击波的峰值压力比重,由12.6%增加至35.3%,远场放电位置二次压力波不可忽视。

     

基于机器学习对三角堰流量系数的预测研究

为了准确高效得出三角堰泄流系数的大小,本研究基于广义神经网络、最小二乘支持向量机和遗传规划对三角堰流量系数进行智能建模．将无量纲参数堰顶角、弗劳德数、堰顶长与堰高之比、堰顶长与堰顶水深之比作为模型输入参数,流量系数作为模型输出参数．研究表明,最小二乘支持向量机性能优于广义神经网络和遗传规划．在测试阶段,均方根误差为0.000 73,散射指数为0.001 02,决定系数为0.999 59,最大误差为1.7 %．该模型精度较高,预测值较准确,具有较强的工程适用性．本研究通过对三角堰流量系数进行智能建模,采用机器学习对非线性物理关系进行高精度拟合,准确高效得出三角堰流量系数的大小,可为水利水电工程设计人员和我国灌区精确量水用水提供一种新的方法和思路．     

强电离放电模拟烟气脱硫

强电离放电模拟烟气脱硫;脱硫;强电离放电;羟基自由基;硫酸     

电热化学发射中等离子体发生器放电特性的实验研究

从实验方面研究了电热化学发射中等离子体发生器随毛细管的几何尺寸和ＰＦＮ网络的初始充电电压等参数变化的放电规律，结果将有助于改进等离子体发生器的设计和提高放电的效能。     

单周期以上超短脉冲光束在自由空间中的矢量非傍轴传输方法

在Lax等建立的微扰法的基础上，应用傅里叶变换的方法得到了一种用于自由空间中单周期以上（即脉冲长度在一个振荡周期以上）脉冲光束的矢量非傍轴修正方法.在频域，其横向分量的一阶修正等价于Fu等所得相应结果，而在时域内则比Fu等所得结果更有利于非傍轴解析解的得出.通过量级关系证明了矢量效应在对标量傍轴光束修正中的必要性.从例子中发现，由于时空耦合的存在，超短脉冲光束中的矢量非傍轴效应会被其时间分布所影响. 关键词： 矢量 非傍轴 超短脉冲光束     

一种重复频率脉冲导引磁场的设计

介绍了一种重复频率脉冲磁场作为高功率微波源的导引磁场的设计,该磁场电源具有功耗低、发热量小、结构紧凑等优点,符合高功率微波朝重复频率方向发展的需求。从产生脉冲磁场的电流表达式出发,根据涡流损耗不能太大、品质因数要高和电容储能要小的原则,给出了脉冲磁场产生系统的储能电容和充电电压的优化设计方法。最后将此方法应用于Ka波段返波振荡器导引磁场的设计,确定出产生脉冲磁场电路的电容和充电电压的值,并进行了仿真和实验研究,结果与理论要求吻合较好,在重复频率10 Hz条件下能稳定运行,验证了设计的合理性。     

激励软X光激光的毛细管预-主脉冲放电装置

 介绍了主脉冲和预脉冲的产生电路、预-主脉冲延时触发的方案以及对预-主脉冲的联调结果。毛细管放电X光激光装置经改造后，抑制了原有电流幅值过大的预脉冲，外加预脉冲发生器可以提供幅值几十A的预脉冲。预 主脉冲的联调结果表明，预脉冲的电流为20A，主脉冲的第一个峰的峰值电流为40.1kA，前沿为26.6ns，脉宽38ns，预-主脉冲之间的触发延时在3～50μs之间可调。     

Effects of additive gases on dimethyl ether conversion through dielectric barrier discharge

Effects of additive gases on dimethyl ether (DME) conversion through dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) were investigated. Most of the additive gases tested in this work increased the conversion of DME, but decreased the yield of liquid product. However, the addition of O2 markedly increased both the conversion of DME and the yield of liquid product. The results show that when O2 volume fraction was 39.95%, the conversion of DME was close to 100% and the yield of liquid product reached 34.43%. Different additive gases resulted in different mass fractions variation of components in liquid products.     

多通道表面放电光泵浦源触发特性研究

 介绍了多通道表面放电光泵浦源的设计,理论分析了触发电压幅值及上升时间、绝缘基板厚度等参数对所设计光泵浦源触发特性的影响。分析表明：在触发电压作用下,通道两电极处电场出现强烈畸变,而通道中间电场基本为零。采用高速相机拍摄泵浦源的放电图像以及电流线圈测量各通道的放电电流这两种方法实验研究了泵浦源的同步性及放电均匀性。当氮氩混合气体总气压为0.1 MPa (氮氩体积比为3∶7),充电电压20 kV,触发电压30 kV,前沿约10 ns时,成功实现了10通道均匀放电,抖动约20 ns。实验结果表明：在保证放电装置绝缘良好的情况下,若充电电压和触发电压越高,触发电压上升时间越短,触发电极至通道的有效距离越短,则多通道放电的抖动就越小,放电均匀性越好。