Finite element modeling of acoustic scattering from an encapsulated microbubble near rigid boundary

This article proposes a finite element model (FEM) for predicting the acoustic scattering from an encapsulated microbubble near rigid boundary. The validity of the model is first examined by comparing the acoustic nonlinear response of a free microbubble with that obtained by the Church model. Then this model is used to investigate the effect of the rigid boundary on acoustic scattering signals from microbubble. The results indicate that the resonance frequency decreases while the oscillation amplitude increases as the microbubble approaches the rigid boundary. In addition, the fundamental component of the acoustic scattering signal is enhanced compared with that of the free microbubble.     

金属圆柱腔体中使用非均一背景增强微波断层成像

针对基于圆柱金属腔体的微波断层成像系统,提出了一种利用非均一背景增强系统获取目标信息能力的方法.该方法通过在腔体内放置已知物体构成非均一背景,这样不但能利用背景的先验信息,而且可以增加等效辐射源对目标进行探测.首先,利用矩量法计算圆柱金属腔体内非均一背景的格林函数和离散积分算子,并对离散积分算子进行奇异值谱和条件数分析,在理论上证明该方法的可行性;然后,利用基于有限元的对比源逆成像法对均一背景、有耗非均一背景和无耗非均一背景三种情况进行仿真研究;最后对仿真结果进行了误差分析和比较.仿真结果表明,该方法可以提高反演收敛速度和结果准确度,有耗非均一背景略优于无耗非均一背景.该方法可以在不改变硬件系统和算法的情况下得到更准确的反演结果,可应用于医学成像与工业无损探测.     

Effect of silver doping on the structure and phase separation of sulfur-rich As–S glasses: Raman and SEM studies

We report on the structural details and microphase separation of the bulk glasses Ag_x·(As₃₃S₆₇)_100-x for 0x25. Glass–glass phase separation occurs over a wide range of Ag content, i.e. 4x20. An off-resonant polarized Raman spectroscopic study has been carried out to elucidate structural aspects at the short- and medium-range structural order of the glasses. Analysis of Raman spectra revealed quantitative changes of the sulfur-rich microenvironments that reduce upon adding Ag. Scanning electron microscopy combined with X-rays microanalysis have been utilized to examine the type and extent of phase separation, and to provide quantitative details on the atomic concentrations in the Ag-poor and Ag-rich phases. It has been shown that at 7 at.% Ag the Ag-rich phase percolates through the structure; this effect can be associated with an ionic-to-superionic behavior of these glasses in accordance with similar studies on the stoichiometric arsenic sulfide glass; although the phase separation observed in the present glasses is qualitatively different.     

水平成层介质中粘弹性波的计算

本文提出了一种水平成层介质中弹性波粘弹性波计算的新方法，分别研究了线源和点源作用情况。该方法适用于各种粘弹性模型，数值计算简单，可模拟任意震源及所产生的各种体波、面波，数值结果表明具有很高的计算精度和计算效率。     

多层球对高斯波束散射的德拜级数研究

基于广义洛伦兹-米氏理论,利用多层球粒子散射系数的德拜级数展开公式,提出了一种新的研究多层球粒子对高斯波束散射的方法。计算结果与已有的广义洛伦兹-米氏理论算法的计算结果吻合得很好。利用该方法有效分离了折射率分布满足指数变化规律的多层球粒子对高斯波束散射的远区散射场中多阶彩虹的干涉强度分布。数值模拟了双层球的归一化双一阶彩虹强度分布以及各层的一阶彩虹艾里结构。最后分析讨论了高斯波束的入射位置和束腰半径对多层球单阶彩虹强度分布的影响。     

土工聚合物减小土体差异沉降的机理及最佳埋置深度的计算

以弹性理论为基础,分析讨论了利用土工聚合物减小土体差异沉降的机理和土工聚合物最佳埋置深度的确定方法．     

四磺基铁(Ⅲ)酞菁二级散射和反二级散射法测定人血清白蛋白

在pH2．0的Clark-Lubs缓冲液中,人血清白蛋白与四磺基铁(Ⅲ)酞菁结合而使二级散射和反二级散射急剧增强。在0～2．3mg／L和0～3．4mg／L浓度范围内,二级散射和反二级散射的增强与人血清白蛋白浓度呈线性关系,检出限分别为0．40mg／L和0．16mg／L。还考察了某些共存物质的影响,讨论了反应机理。     

Stimulated Raman scattering in natural crystals of fluorapatite,Ca5(PO4)3F

Hexagonal Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, known as natural crystal fluorapatite and oldest host‐crystal for Ln³⁺‐lasant ions, is presented as a Raman‐active material. High‐order Raman‐induced χ⁽³⁾‐nonlinear processes are discovered in natural crystals of fluorapatite under picosecond pumping at 1.064 μm and 0.532 μm wavelength. A multitude of Stokes and anti‐Stokes components is generated in the ultraviolet, visible and near‐infrared spectral region by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and Raman four‐wave mixing (FWHM), resulting in a frequency comb with a width of 520 THz. The spectral lines are identified and attributed to the ν₁(A_g) vibration mode of the tetrahedral [PO₄] units which is related to a Raman shift of ω_SRS ≈ 965 cm⁻¹. The first Stokes steady‐state Raman gain coefficient in the near‐infrared spectral range is estimated to be >0.38 cm·GW⁻¹. Finally, a short review of SRS‐promoting vibration modes and observed χ⁽³⁾‐ nonlinear interactions in all known SRS‐active natural crystals (minerals) is given.

     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维及其原丝中的微孔尺寸分布

利用二维小角X射线散射技术(SAXS)研究了聚丙烯腈基碳纤维及其原丝的微孔结构。结合逐级切线法、对数正态分布及麦克斯韦分布函数对2类实验样品内部微孔的尺寸分布进行了分析。结果表明,2类样品中的孔结构具有显著差别,原丝微孔在4~8 nm范围内分布比较集中,碳纤维中微孔的分布区域则移向1.3~1.8 nm。散射数据显示出明显的分形特征,碳纤维与其原丝的孔分形维数分别为1.33和1.55,表明原丝中具有较大的孔隙缺陷。相对于原丝,碳纤维微孔尺寸分布走向均匀和集中,前者则表现出比后者更宽的尺寸分布。就拟合方法而言,逐级切线法的解析手段容易引入误差,低角区的纤维表面散射和高角区的噪音容易对其结果造成影响。正态分布得到了比较窄的尺寸分布,但对于低尺寸区域孔隙的拟合不理想。麦氏分布在一定程度上弥补了以上不足,能够较好地拟合两类纤维样品中微孔的分布状况。