制冰方式的研究

文中提出一种新型的浸润式动态制冰方式,并利用数值模拟的方法对新型制冰方式和传统滑落式制冰方式进行了对比研究。结果表明,在制冰时间相等的条件下,新型制冰方式的制冰量提高了约19%。在制冰量相等的条件下,制冰周期平均缩短了10分钟,蓄冰周期平均缩短了约2.3小时。此外,新型制冰机组采用的脱冰方式可以减小冷凝器的换热面积。     

电阻不等条件下测量液体比热容的正确方法

在“电流量热器法测液体比热容”的实验中,一些教科书提出的解决加热电阻不等问题的方法存在着不妥之处,本文对此作了修正.     

理想气体吸热和放热的讨论

根据热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程推导了理想气体的热容量公式,并对理想气体在p-V图上的直线过程和循环过程的温度变化及吸热和放热进行了讨论.     

非简谐振动和形变对ZnSe类石墨烯德拜温度热容量以及极性的影响

应用哈里森(Harrison)键联轨道法和固体物理理论和方法,考虑到原子的高阶非简谐振动,计算了ZnSe类石墨烯化合物的σ键和π键的极性、简谐系数和非简谐系数,得到它的德拜温度和定容热容量随温度变化的解析式以及形变引起的极性参量的改变量,探讨了形变对ZnSe类石墨烯极性的影响,并讨论了原子非简谐振动对化合物热力学性质的影响,结果表明:在300 K到1600 K温度区间内,简谐近似下,ZnSe的德拜温度为常量,热容量随着温度的升高呈非线性增大,其中温度较低时变化较快,温度较高时变化较慢并随着温度的升高而趋于常量.考虑到非简谐项后,德拜温度随着温度升高而增大,几乎为正比关系,而热容量的值比简谐近似的值有所减小,与第一非简谐项的影响相比,第二非简谐项的影响很小.形变对ZnSe类石墨烯的极性有重要的影响,在它的几种形变中,剪切形变对σ键的极性的影响最大,而键长形变对π键的极性的影响最小.温度愈高,非简谐效应愈显著.     

The characteristics of molten globule states and folding pathways strongly depend on the sequence of a protein

ABSTRACT

The majority of proteins perform their cellular function after folding into a specific and stable native structure. Additionally, for many proteins less compact ‘molten globule’ states have been observed. Current experimental observations show that the molten globule state can show varying degrees of compactness and solvent accessibility; the underlying molecular cause for this variation is not well understood. While the specificity of protein folding can be studied using protein lattice models, current design procedures for these models tend to generate sequences without molten globule-like behaviour. Here we alter the design process so the distance between the molten globule ensemble and the native structure can be steered; this allows us to design protein sequences with a wide range of folding pathways, and sequences with well-defined heat-induced molten globules. Simulating these sequences we find that (1) molten globule states are compact, but have less specific configurations compared to the folded state, (2) the nature of the molten globule state is highly sequence dependent, (3) both two-state and multi-state folding proteins may show heat-induced molten globule states, as observed in heat capacity curves. The varying nature of the molten globules and typical heat capacity curves associated with the transitions closely resemble experimental observations.     

Parameter allocation of parallel array bistable stochastic resonance and its application in communication systems

In this paper, we propose a parameter allocation scheme in a parallel array bistable stochastic resonance-based communication system(P-BSR-CS) to improve the performance of weak binary pulse amplitude modulated(BPAM) signal transmissions. The optimal parameter allocation policy of the P-BSR-CS is provided to minimize the bit error rate(BER)and maximize the channel capacity(CC) under the adiabatic approximation condition. On this basis, we further derive the best parameter selection theorem in realistic communication scenarios via variable transformation. Specifically, the P-BSR structure design not only brings the robustness of parameter selection optimization, where the optimal parameter pair is not fixed but variable in quite a wide range, but also produces outstanding system performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that in the P-BSR-CS the proposed parameter allocation scheme yields considerable performance improvement, particularly in very low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) environments.     

L波段高功率波导缝隙阵设计与数值模拟

设计了一种基于宽边纵缝驻波阵的高功率射频微波辐射系统,系统由四路矩形波导以及聚四氟乙烯天线窗组成。天线内采用真空绝缘实现天线高功率容量,天线窗真空侧采用周期刻三角槽技术抑制高功率微波介质表面击穿。在波导缝隙阵与天线窗之间设计支撑板,除支撑天线窗外还可抑制表面波电流。采用HFSS数值模拟软件对辐射系统进行了优化设计。数值模拟结果表明,设计的辐射系统在频率为1.575 GHz时,增益为22.7 dBi,天线口径效率为98.3%,反射系数为-25 dB,带宽达到5%,带宽内天线增益波动小于等于0.4 dB、天线口径效率大于等于98%、主瓣指向偏差小于等于1.2。系统功率容量达到1.92 GW。     

Thermodynamic Properties and Thermodynamic Geometries of Black p-Branes

The heat capacity and the electric capacitance of the black p-branes(BPB) are generally defined,then they are calculated for some special processes.It is found that the Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometry of BPB is flat.Finally,we give some discussions for the flatness of the Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometry of BPB and some black holes.     

Mo纳米薄膜热力学性质的分子动力学模拟

采用改进嵌入原子法(MAEAM),通过经典的分子动力学(MD)模拟计算了高熔点过渡金属体心立方(bcc) Mo块体Gibbs自由能和表面能. 对于纳米薄膜的热力学数据,比如Gibbs自由能等,可以看成是薄膜内部原子和表面原子两部分数据之和,然后根据薄膜的体表原子之比就可以直接计算出总的自由能,并由此可以得到热力学性质与薄膜尺寸及温度的定量关系式. 分别计算了bcc Mo块体及其纳米尺寸薄膜的自由能和热容,结果表明,Mo纳米薄膜的热力学性质具有尺寸效应,并且在薄膜尺寸小于15—20nm时,这种效应变得非常明 关键词： 改进嵌入原子法 Mo纳米薄膜 表面自由能 热容     

制冷压缩机变工况性能仿真与试验研究

对小型制冷系统用全封闭活塞式压缩机建立稳态性能仿真模型,仿真值与试验值的误差范围在4%之内,在工程应用允许的误差范围之内,表明模型准确,可以满足系统仿真计算的需要。通过试验表明:在冷凝温度一定的情况下,压缩机的制冷剂流量、制冷量、功率、排气温度均随蒸发温度的升高呈线性增大;在蒸发温度一定的情况下,压缩机的制冷量随冷凝温度的升高呈线性减少,而压缩机的功率随冷凝温度的升高而增大,蒸发温度对压缩机性能的影响要远大于冷凝温度的影响。