全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2545篇 |
免费 | 207篇 |
国内免费 | 375篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1710篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 233篇 |
综合类 | 62篇 |
数学 | 478篇 |
物理学 | 628篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 115篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 78篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 97篇 |
2015年 | 86篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 144篇 |
2012年 | 109篇 |
2011年 | 154篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 161篇 |
2008年 | 148篇 |
2007年 | 162篇 |
2006年 | 175篇 |
2005年 | 137篇 |
2004年 | 115篇 |
2003年 | 120篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 87篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 70篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3127条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
《Thermochimica Acta》2003,401(2):169-173
The heat capacity and the heat content of gallium nitride were measured by calvet calorimetry (320-570 K) and by drop calorimetry (670-1270 K), respectively. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity in the form Cpm=49.552+5.440×10−3T−2.190×106T−2+2.460×108T−3 was derived by the least squares method. Furthermore, thermodynamic functions calculated on the basis of our experimental results and literature data on the molar entropy and the heat of formation of GaN are given. 相似文献
32.
A. Zielenkiewicz K. Busserolles G. Roux-Desgranges A. H. Roux J-P. E. Grolier W. Zielenkiewicz 《Journal of solution chemistry》1995,24(7):623-632
Densities and specific heat capacities of ternary aqueous systems containing dipeptides (glycyl-glycine or L--alanyl-L--alanine) and nucleic acid bases (cytosine or thymine) or their alkyl derivatives (1,3-diethylthymine or caffeine) were determined at 25°C by flow calorimetry and flow densimetry. The partial molar volumes and heat capacities of transfer at infinite dilution of the different nucleic acid bases from water to water+dipeptide solutions were obtained therefrom. Except for the case of the transfer of cytosine to aqueous glycyl-glycine solutions where a small positive dependence of the transfer quantities was observed with the dipeptide concentration, the values of the heat capacities of transfer were in general low, positive or negative, depending on the compensation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions between the dipeptide and the base. The volumes of transfer of most of the bases are very small, within the limit of the experimental error. 相似文献
33.
Andrea Posilicano 《Potential Analysis》1996,5(3):241-271
We prove a convergence theorem for sequences of Diffusion Processes corresponding to Dirichlet Forms of the kind
.We obtain convergence in total variation norm of the corresponding probability measures on the path space C(+;d) under hypotheses which, for example, are satisfied in the case of H
loc
1
(
d
)-convergence of the 's, but we can allow more singular situations as regards the approximating sequences. We use then these results to give a criterion of convergence for generalized Schrödinger operators in which the potential function should not necessarily exists as a measurable function. We obtain convergence not only in strong resolvent sense, but we also obtain convergence in the uniform operator topology up to sets of arbitrarily small Lebesgue measure. Applications to the problem of the approximation of ordinary Schrödinger operators by generalized ones corresponding to zero-range interactions are given. 相似文献
34.
It is shown that new parametersX can be defined such that the heat capacity CxT(S/T)x is negative, even when the canonical ensemble [i.e., at fixed T=(U/S)Y and YX] is stable. This implies an extension of the classical theory of polytropes from ideal gases to general fluids. As examples of negative heat capacity systems we treat blackbody radiation and general gas systems with nonsingular T. For the case of a simple ideal gas we even exhibit an apparatus which enforces a constraint X(p, V)=const that makes Cx<0. We then show that it is possible to infer the statistical mechanics of canonicallyunstable systems-for which even the traditional heat capacities are negative-by imposing constraints that stabilize the associated noncanonical ensembles. Two explicit models are discussed. 相似文献
35.
The selectivity of a column system, S, defined by equation 28, includes a variation coefficient (β) of plate number with capacity ratio which has a large influence on the peak capacity, as shown in Fig. 18. Some typical chromatograms are given. In order to predict S for a column system from Kovat's Index, equations 40 and 41 are given to calculate the constant of the carbon number rule for squalane at different temperatures or for different stationary phases. The specific retention value of heptane on squalane at different temperatures can be calculated from equation 42. The nonpolarity index, defined by equation 43, was used to calculate the retention value of heptane on various stationary phases. In liquid chromatography, the order of elution may be reversed by changing the composition of the eluent on the same chemically bonded silica (manufactured in China). The linear relations between the log retention values of different kinds of solutes or of a single solute on the silicas of different surface areas when using the same eluent are given. 相似文献
36.
Predicting the selectivity of imprinted polymers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary Imprinted polymers as stationary phases for HPLC separations have been the subject of extensive investigations in recent years.
In order to aid the rational design of synthetic protocols for the preparation of imprinted polymers, a series of calculations
were made to assess the equilibrium concentration of templatemonomer complexes as a function of association constant (K) for the functional groups involved in the interactions and initial concentrations of reactants. This data was then used
to predict the selectivity of polymers prepared under different reaction conditions and the model was tested using an experimentally
determined value ofK and separation factors taken from the literature. 相似文献
37.
Alain H. Roux Daniel Hétu Gérald Perron Jacques E. Desnoyers 《Journal of solution chemistry》1984,13(1):1-25
Mixed micelles can be formed in water between various pairs of hydrophobic solutes such as surfactants, alcohols and hydrocarbons. These systems can often be studied through the thermodynamic functions of transfer of one of the solutes, usually kept near infinite dilution, from water to an aqueous solution of the other solute. When mixed micelles are formed, these functions change significantly, and often go through extrema, in the region where the binary system micellizes or undergoes some microphase transition.Three main effects are responsible for the observed trends: pair-wise interactions between both solutes in the monomeric form, a distribution of the reference solute between the aqueous and micellar phases and a shift in the monomer-micelle equilibrium in the vicinity of the reference solute. Simple equations can be derived for these three effects which can account for the sign and magnitude of the observed trends using parameters which are derived for the most part from the two binary systems. 相似文献
38.
Annealing experiments have been carried out at a few degrees below the melting point of different polyethylenes (LDPE, LLDPE,
HDPE), of polypropylene (PP) and of Nylon-6. The heat capacities decrease during the annealing, within a 2-4 min time scale,
to a lower value which corresponds to the extrapolated heat capacity values obtained for the cooling cycle when the polymer
is cooled from the melt. Heat capacities in the heating cycle following the cooling cycle of PP, Nylon-6 and HDPE have the
same value as during the cooling section. This is not the case for LDPE and LLDPE.
Exothermic total heat flow in the cooling section following the annealing indicates that the crystallisation takes place during
the cooling rather than during the annealing period. The total melting enthalpy measured before and after the annealing cycle
is the same.
The reversing heat flow shows an excellent fit to the change of the crystallinity measured by small angle scattering of synchrotron
radiation during a heating cycle at temperatures below the melting peak.
A coupled thermodynamic interaction of the crystalline and the amorphous phases is concluded from this study. This kind of
interaction is possible at the lateral end of polymeric chains incorporated into the crystalline phase. This is an indication
of the portion of tie molecules in the system, i.e. the portion of fringed micelle type of crystalline morphology with respect
to that of folded chain lamellae.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
39.
Masao Matsuoka Tsuyoshi Matsuda June Tamaki Yoshifumi Yamamoto Chiaki Iwakura 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2006,32(5):389-402
Laves-phase hydrogen storage alloy has a high potential for use as negative electrode material as alternative for the misch-metal-based
material. In order to improve the energy density and the rate capability of negative electrode, chemical and mechanical modification
of Lavesphase alloy with different stoichiometric ratios was carried out. Discharge capacity and high-rate dischargeabilty
was evaluated by electrochemical methods and the characterization of Laves-phase alloy was made by X-ray diffraction, SEM
observation and PCT measurement. The best result in discharge capacity could be obtained for stoichiometric Laves-phase alloy
with a composition of Zr0.9Ti0.1Ni1.1Co0.1Mn0.5V0.2Cr0.1 by boiling in 10 M KOH solution. On the other hand, the high-rate dischargeability was increased remarkably by introducing
mechanical grinding before alkali treatment. The cause for improved performance was discussed on the basis of thermodynamic
stability of metal hydride and changes in crystal structure and surface morphology influencing on diffusion coefficient and
diffusion path length of hydrogen. 相似文献
40.
Lebedev B. V. Kulagina T. G. Smirnova N. N. Shifrina Z. B. Averina M. S. Rusanov A. L. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,74(3):735-748
In an adiabatic vacuum calorimeter, the temperature dependence of the heat capacity C
p of phenylated polyphenylene and initial comonomer 1,4-bis(2,4,5-triphenylcyclopentadienone-3-yl)benzene was studied between
6 and 340 K with an uncertainty of about 0.2%. In a calorimeter with a static bomb and an isothermal shield their energies
of combustion DUcomb were measured. From the experimental data, the thermodynamic functions C
p
0 (T), H
0(T)-H
0(0), S
0(T)-S0(0), G
0(T)-H
0(0) were calculated from 0 to 340 K, and standard enthalpies of combustion ΔH
comb
0 and thermodynamic parameters of formation-enthalpies ΔH
f
0, entropies ΔH
f
0, Gibbs functions ΔG
f
0 - of the substances studied were estimated at T=298.15 K at standard pressure. The results were used to calculate the thermodynamic characteristics (ΔH
f
0 ,ΔS
f
0, ΔG
f
0) of phenylated polyphenylene synthesis in the range from 0 to 340 K.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献