Antibacterial Activity of Pharmaceutical-Grade Rose Bengal: An Application of a Synthetic Dye in Antibacterial Therapies

Rose bengal has been used in the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders and liver function, and has been studied for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. To date, the antibacterial activity of rose bengal has been sporadically reported; however, these data have been generated with a commercial grade of rose bengal, which contains major uncontrolled impurities generated by the manufacturing process (80–95% dye content). A high-purity form of rose bengal formulation (HP-RBf, >99.5% dye content) kills a battery of Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains at low concentrations (0.01–3.13 μg/mL) under fluorescent, LED, and natural light in a few minutes. Significantly, HP-RBf effectively eradicates Gram-positive bacterial biofilms. The frequency that Gram-positive bacteria spontaneously developed resistance to HP-RB is extremely low (less than 1 × 10⁻¹³). Toxicity data obtained through our research programs indicate that HP-RB is feasible as an anti-infective drug for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial invasion of the skin, and for eradicating biofilms. This article summarizes the antibacterial activity of pharmaceutical-grade rose bengal, HP-RB, against Gram-positive bacteria, its cytotoxicity against skin cells under illumination conditions, and mechanistic insights into rose bengal’s bactericidal activity under dark conditions.     

Properties of Rice-Based Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Propionibacterium

In recent times, consumers have shown increasing interest in plant substitutes for fermented dairy products. This study aimed to investigate the properties of yogurt-type rice-based beverages fermented with lactic acid bacteria and Propionibacterium. The changes in pH, viable population of bacteria, physical properties, and carbohydrate content of these beverages were tested. Fermentation using only Propionibacterium was insufficient to obtain a product with an acidity level similar to that of milk-based yogurt (pH < 4.5). After fermentation, the tested beverages had a high number of Lactobacillus sp. (7.42–8.23 log10 CFU/mL), Streptococcus thermophilus (8.01–8.65 log10 CFU/mL), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (8.28–8.50 log10 CFU/mL). The hardness (2.90–10.40 N) and adhesiveness (13.79–42.16 mJ) of the samples after 14 days of storage at 6 °C varied depending on the starter culture used. The syneresis of all samples ranged between 29% and 31%, which was lower or close to that of milk-based yogurts. The content of individual sugars in the samples also varied depending on the starter culture used for fermentation. The results suggest that the combination of lactic and propionic fermentation helps in the production of rice-based yogurt-type milk substitutes.     

重组质粒对大肠杆菌HB101生长影响的微量热研究

用微量热方法研究了嗜麦芽假单胞菌AT18, 受体菌大肠杆菌HB101, mel基因工程菌——大肠杆菌HB101/pWSY8和携带克隆载体pUC18质粒的大肠杆菌HB101等的生长代谢过程. 实验结果从热化学和热动力学上阐明了细菌的生长速率常数与其所含质粒的大小呈负相关. 探讨了低温处理对含不同质粒大肠杆菌生长的影响, 发现低温处理对工程菌生长影响最大.     

多重聚合酶链反应-毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光法检测三种食源性致病菌

建立了食品中常见致病菌大肠杆菌O157:H7的uidA基因、沙门菌的invA基因和志贺菌的ipaH基因的多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物的毛细管电泳快速检测方法。根据这3种致病菌的特异性基因序列设计多重PCR引物,优化PCR扩增反应体系,采用7.0 g/L 甲基纤维素为筛分介质,毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测法同时检测了3种常见致病菌的PCR扩增产物。在优化的多重PCR反应和毛细管筛分电泳条件下,该方法可以同时检测沙门菌、志贺菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7基因的多重PCR扩增产物,22 min内即可完成3种常见致病菌的毛细管电泳检测。迁移时间的相对标准偏差为1.47%~2.07%。与凝胶电泳法比较,该法简便快速,灵敏度高,可用于多种致病菌脱氧核糖核酸的检测,为食品安全提供了一种可靠的快速检测方法。     

天然水中优势菌胞外聚合物及其中主要成分对铅的吸附

研究了吉林省长春市南湖天然水环境中生物膜胞外聚合物及由其分离得到的胞外多糖和胞外蛋白对铅的吸附特性,讨论了时间、pH值、其它共存金属离子等对其吸附的影响;初步探讨了胞外多糖和胞外蛋白吸附铅的反应机理. 结果表明,3种吸附剂对铅的吸附量在pH=6时最大,分别为23.64、15.8和3.48 mg/g ;吸附体系均在6h以后达到吸附平衡;共存金属离子镉对铅的吸附有影响.胞外聚合物及其中的胞外多糖和胞外蛋白对铅的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich热力学方程.胞外聚合物中胞外多糖对铅的吸附所作贡献大于胞外蛋白.胞外蛋白的胺基、酰胺基,胞外多糖的羟基、酰胺基等是胞外聚合物吸附铅离子过程中起关键作用的化学基团.     

Study on Molecular Weight of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate Biosynthesized by Methylosinus Trichosporium IMV3011

在甲烷氧化细菌Methylosinus trichosporium IMV3011细胞内生物催化合成聚-β-羟基丁酸酯（PHB）的过程中,对影响聚合物分子量的各种因素进行了研究.发现碳源、培养基组分NH4＋,NO3-,HPO24-,Mg2＋,某些导向PHB合成的关键中间产物以及PHB的提取方法均会对PHB的分子量产生影响.同时,通过对胞内PHB合成酶系中关键作用酶的活性变化进行研究,发现β-酮硫解酶催化着控制进入PHB循环入口的关键反应,而PHB分子量的变化则主要取决于PHB合成酶和PHB降解酶的协同作用.     

具有全新机理的DNA旋转酶抑制剂的筛选及抑菌活性

利用具有新机制的抗耐药菌DNA旋转酶抑制剂GSK299423与DNA旋转酶的晶体复合物(PDB code:2XCS)构建基于配体-受体复合物的药效团模型, 诱骗集(Decoy set)验证结果表明该药效团模型具有较强的活性识别能力. 将药效团模型与分子对接相结合用于筛选化合物库, 通过抑菌活性测定, 获得了具有抗多药耐药菌活性的DNA旋转酶抑制剂LTH02.     

荧光纳米材料在病原微生物检测中的应用

病原菌污染给人类的健康带来极大的安全隐患,对病原菌快速、准确和灵敏的检测是减少污染的重要手段。传统检测病原菌的方法存在耗时长和操作繁琐等缺点。荧光纳米材料具有荧光强度高、稳定性好以及良好的生物相容性等优势,为应用其构造传感器用于病原菌检测提供了新的研究途径。本文对近年来常见荧光纳米材料,包括半导体量子点、金属纳米簇、碳纳米材料、上转换纳米粒子和荧光硅纳米颗粒,在病原菌检测方面的应用进行了概述,着重将不同类别荧光纳米材料的光学性质和检测机理进行了分析和比较。纳米材料的生物修饰是实现病原菌特异性识别的重要环节,本文对抗体、适配体、噬菌体和抗生素等病原菌识别方式的特点及其与纳米材料的连接方式进行了介绍。最后对不同荧光纳米材料在检测病原菌中具有的优势和局限性进行了总结,并对其在未来的应用与研究重点进行了展望。     

Development of Piezoelectric Immunosensor for the Detection of Probiotic Bacteria

A Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based direct immunosensor was developed for real-time detection of probiotic bacteria. To optimize the immunosensor system, model measurements were carried out with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA IgG (a-BSA) antibody. During the model experiments, two kinds of self-assembled monolayers were created to compare their efficiency on antigen binding. Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido] hexanoate (sulfo-LC-SPDP) and 16-mercapto-hexadecanoic acid (MHDA) cross-linking agents were used for immobilizing anti-BSA antibody onto the gold surface of the AT-cut quartz wafer. Two different measuring procedures, flow-through and stopped-flow methods, were applied, and the frequency responses obtained by both analytical methods were compared.

After the model experiments probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum O1356 and Lactobacillus acidophilus O1132 serotypes were detected from buffer solution and from real samples (spiked milk samples, acidophilus, and bifidus milk samples).

Using the novel immunosensor, the target bacteria could be detected in the range of 10⁴–10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml within 60 minutes. The selectivity of a-Bifidobacterium bifidum and a-Lactobacillus acidophilus antibody coated sensors were also tested.