用BOXCARS技术诊断含铝固体燃剂燃烧场

介绍了用单脉冲BOXCARS技术测量含铝固体燃剂燃烧场的温度及氮气的浓度。分析了激光光束质量对CARS信号强度的影响,给出了在燃烧场中取得的单脉冲CARS光谱,并进行了理论拟合,得到了燃烧场的温度及组份浓度数据。在燃烧场中心高5mm处温度值约为2550K,氮气浓度平均为25.5%。测量了燃烧场中不同高度处CARS光谱,给出了燃烧场温度、氮气浓度随高度变化的曲线,对结果进行了分析。     

XPS analysis and combustibility of residues from two coals extraction with sub-and supercritical water

Two kinds of residues, obtained from extraction of one weakly reductive coal, Shenfu-Dongsheng coal (SD), and one reductive coal, Pingshuo coal (PS), with sub- and supercritical water on a semi-continuous apparatus, were characterized by calorific value analysis and XPS analysis, and the combustion behaviors of residues were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the residues have higher calorific value than raw coal samples, and SD residue has higher calorific value than PS residue. C-C, C-O and pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen are the dominant form of C, O and N on the surface of raw coal samples and their extraction residues. The combustion behaviors of extraction residues show that the SD residue is more reactive and more easily burned than PS residue.     

Belousov Zhabotinsky化学反应系统的渐近稳定性

用无穷维动力系统的方法研究了Belousov Zhabotinsky化学反应系统的长时间行为.在齐次边界条件与非齐次边界条件下证明了系统在其不变流形上的全局吸引子为系统在该不变流形内的唯一平衡点,从而得到了该系统的渐近稳定性.     

钠在氯气中燃烧的微型实验

简要介绍了一种取用金属钠的简便方法,利用气体实验微型装置设计了钠在氯气中燃烧的微型实验,包括氯气的制取、收集、钠在氯气中燃烧以及尾气的吸收等操作方法和技巧,并指出了实验关键和安全注意事项。     

二次燃烧对底排装置尾部流场影响的数值模拟

为研究二次燃烧对底排尾部流场的影响,建立了底排装置尾部流场的化学非平衡流数学物理模型。其中二次燃烧模型采用10组分25步反应的H₂-CO燃烧模型,运用统一算法的思路编程求解二维轴对称方程组。数值模拟结果与实验结果较吻合。在此基础上,对尾部流场以及燃烧特性进行了数值预测, 结果表明:二次燃烧所释放的热能远大于排气本身的热能,对增压减阻的贡献可达78%。二次燃烧改变了尾部的温度分布规律,使温度峰值分布在两个回流区内。排气沿着两回流区间的狭缝流入剪切层发生燃烧。一部分混气回流入底部附近,其中氧气不充足,存在大量CO和少量H₂未直接反应。一部分混气沿着剪切层流入下游以及主回流区内,氧含量逐渐增多,H₂和CO被反应殆尽。结果可为进一步研究底排增压减阻提供参考。     

烟火药水下燃烧及其有效作用时间研究

提出了烟火药水下燃烧有效作用时间的概念,分析了当前烟火药水下燃烧和水下爆炸等声辐射特性的测试手段和处理方法的不足。基于Pulse Labshop软件平台,结合实验结果,采用图形切片方法,获得了有效作用时间,解决了烟火药水下燃烧或水下爆炸等声源有效作用时间的评价问题,为工程应用和性能评价提供了一种方法。     

煤燃烧过程中砷与氮氧化物的反应机理

应用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,研究了砷与氮氧化物(N_2O、NO_2和NO)的反应机理。全参数优化了各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,通过频率分析证实中间体和过渡态的真实性,并通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算以进一步确定过渡态。为了得到更精确的能量信息,在B2PLYP水平下计算各结构的单点能,并通过动力学参数深入分析其反应机理。结果表明,砷与三种氮氧化物(N_2O、NO_2和NO)的反应能垒分别为78.45、2.58、155.85 k J/mol。在298-1800 K,各反应速率随温度的升高而增大。由于砷与NO_2的反应能垒较低,其反应速率大于1012cm3/(mol·s),说明该反应容易发生且速率极快。砷与N_2O和NO的反应,在298-900 K,反应速率随温度的升高明显增加;当温度进一步升高,其增加的趋势有所减缓。     

An Experimental Database for Benchmarking Simulations of Turbulent Premixed Reacting Flows: Lean Extinction Limits and Velocity Field Measurements in a Dump Combustor

This contribution is aimed at drawing the attention of the computational fluid dynamics community on the availability of an experimental database regarding turbulent lean premixed prevaporised (LPP) reacting flows stabilised behind a double symmetric, plane sudden expansion fed by two fully developed turbulent channel flows of air plus propane. This flow configuration can be thought of as a relevant benchmark for testing turbulence and/or combustion models aimed at helping for the design of reliable LPP combustion chambers. This database contains a large amount of raw and processed data regarding essentially the velocity field for one inert and three different reacting flows configurations. Additional pieces of information are available and concern the lean extinction properties and the wall static pressure evolution in the feeding channels. For the reacting flows, the presence of a large scale coherent motion is clearly visible in the velocity spectra and it is shown how a data processing based on the semi-deterministic approach that decomposes the velocity signal into the sum of its steady time average, its coherent fluctuations and its stochastic fluctuations can permit to evaluate their respective contribution to the total velocity fluctuations.     

A Similarity Subgrid Model for Premixed Turbulent Combustion

The accuracy of large-eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent premixed Bunsen flame is investigated in this paper. To distinguish between discretization and modeling errors, multiple LES, using different grid sizes h but the same filterwidth Δ, are compared with the direct numerical simulation (DNS). In addition, LES using various values of Δ but the same ratio Δ/h are compared. The chemistry in the LES and DNS is parametrized with the standard steady premixed flamelet for stochiometric methane-air combustion. The subgrid terms are closed with an eddy-viscosity or eddy-diffusivity approach, with an exception of the dominant subgrid term, which is the subgrid part of the chemical source term. The latter subgrid contribution is modeled by a similarity model based upon 2Δ, which is found to be superior to such a model based upon Δ. Using the 2Δ similarity model for the subgrid chemistry the LES produces good results, certainly in view of the fact that the LES is completely wrong if the subgrid chemistry model is omitted. The grid refinements of the LES show that the results for Δ = h do depend on the numerical scheme, much more than for h = Δ/2 and h = Δ/4. Nevertheless, modeling errors and discretization error may partially cancel each other; occasionally the Δ = h results were more accurate than the h ≤ Δ results. Finally, for this flame LES results obtained with the present similarity model are shown to be slightly better than those obtained with standard β-pdf closure for the subgrid chemistry.