Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧：负载量与制备方法的影响

以不同方法制备了系列Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,采用XRD、H₂-TPR、CH₄-TPR、O₂-TPD和BET等分析技术对氧载体进行了表征。研究了不同Fe₂O₃负载量氧载体的甲烷化学链燃烧性能,考察了不同制备方法对Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体结构、反应性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,Fe₂O₃负载量对氧载体活性及产物中CO₂选择性的影响较大,负载量较低时氧载体活性较低且引起甲烷部分氧化产物CO含量增加。制备方法亦对氧载体与甲烷的反应活性有所影响,整体上共沉淀法制备的质量分数60％Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体具有较高的氧化活性和化学链循环稳定性。其在反应温度850℃、反应时间15 min、30次循环后甲烷转化率及产物中CO₂选择性均未见明显降低。     

Application of the Combustion Method in a Closed Flask to the Lead Determination in Atmospheric Aerosols

Abstract

The destruction of the filter for metal determination in atmospheric aerosols is an important step in the analysis. Nowadays the decomposition of this kind of sample has not been completely solved, so it is interesting to study new methods for filter sample attack. In the present work the application of the combustion method in a closed flask for mixed cellulose esters filter decomposition for lead determination is proposed. For this purpose optimum operating conditions as stopper flask design, sample size, flask volume, shaking time and volume and concentration of absorbing solution are established, and accuracy and precision of the proposed method using AAS for the measurements is given. The results obtained by the closed flask combustion are compared with those found by wet attack with HNO₃. The method proposed is rapid, has low reagent contamination and no loss of lead by volatilization or by amalgamation occurs. This method shows an accuracy and a precision in good agreement with the standard method.     

Strong Morphological Effect of Mn3O4 Nanocrystallites on the Catalytic Activity of Mn3O4 and Au/Mn3O4 in Benzene Combustion

Gold nanoparticles (3–4 nm) were deposited on Mn₃O₄ nanocrystallites with three distinct morphologies (cubic, hexagonal, and octahedral). The resulting structures were characterized, and their activities for benzene combustion were evaluated. The dominant exposed facets for the three kinds of Mn₃O₄ polyhedrons show the activity order: (103)≈(200)>(101). A similar activity order was derived for the interfaces between the Au and the Mn₃O₄ facet: Au/(200)≈Au/(103)>Au/(101). The metal–support interactions between the Au nanoclusters and specific facets of the Mn₃O₄ polyhedrons lead to a unique interfacial synergism in which the electronic modification of the Au nanoparticles and the morphology of the Mn₃O₄ substrate have a joint effect that is responsible for a significant enhancement in the catalytic activity of the Au/Mn₃O₄ system.     

固态研磨-燃烧法制CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5二甲醚合成催化剂

以柠檬酸为燃烧剂,采用固态研磨-燃烧法和机械混合法制备了CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5CO2加氢一步合成二甲醚双功能催化剂.采用固定床反应器,在反应温度270℃、压力为3.0 MPa、空速4 200 h-1条件下,考察了催化剂对CO2加氢一步合成二甲醚的反应性能,并采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD及XPS对催化剂的结构进行了表征.评价结果表明:随柠檬酸量的增加,二甲醚选择性和收率呈峰形变化趋势;当柠檬酸的量等于化学计量比的100%时,制备的催化剂具有较好的催化性能:CO2单程转化率为24.8%、二甲醚(DME)的选择性和收率分别为35.3%和8.7%.表征结果表明:柠檬酸的量影响催化剂的比表面积、还原性能以及CuO和ZnO的晶粒尺寸等,进而影响催化剂反应性能.     

The READY program: Building a global potential energy surface and reactive dynamic simulations for the hydrogen combustion

READY (REActive DYnamics) is a program for studying reactive dynamic systems using a global potential energy surface (PES) built from previously existing PESs corresponding to each of the most important elementary reactions present in the system. We present an application to the combustion dynamics of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen using accurate PESs for all the systems involving up to four oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Results at the temperature of 4000 K and pressure of 2 atm are presented and compared with model based on rate constants. Drawbacks and advantages of this approach are discussed and future directions of research are pointed out. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大同烟煤增压富氧燃烧过程中硫、氯和氟的析出特性

利用高压热重结合傅里叶红外研究了大同烟煤在增压富氧燃烧过程中硫、氯和氟的释放行为,主要考察压力对其析出特性的影响。实验结果表明,压力的改变对煤中硫、氯和氟的迁移转化均有显著影响。随着压力的升高,黄铁矿硫向COS等中间产物的转化率逐渐增加,导致SO2的收率逐步上升,但在3 MPa时,燃煤SO2收率却有所降低。此外,压力升高后反应气氛中CO分压的增加促进了COS的生成,导致其收率逐渐上升。因为煤中有机氯析出和转化与挥发分的释放密切相关,所以高压下挥发分释放量的增加使得煤中有更多的有机氯析出并转化为HCl,而且压力升高后,挥发分燃烧速率和温度的升高促进了无机氟化物分解,HF生成量相应增加。此外,高压下水解反应的强化也提高了HF的收率。     

增压O_2/CO_2气氛下煤燃烧特性实验研究

增压O2/CO2燃烧是一种可高效分离回收CO2的新兴燃烧技术,其燃烧机理与常压空气、常压O2/CO2燃烧存在较大差异。在加压热重分析仪上研究了增压条件下总压、氧浓度、气氛及粒径等反应参数对美国烟煤和淮北无烟煤燃烧特性的影响,确定了煤的着火温度,并对其进行燃烧动力学分析。结果表明,增压O2/CO2气氛下,随着压力或氧浓度的增加,DTG曲线向低温区移动,煤样整体燃烧速率加快。压力提升、氧浓度增加及煤粉细化均可改善O2/CO2气氛下煤样的着火特性。常压O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧基本属于一级反应;增压O2/CO2气氛下,低温区属于0.5级反应,而高温区属于1.5级反应。     

Facile synthesis of silver doped-copper oxide nano materials utilizing areca catechu (AC) leaf extract and their antidiabetic and anticancer studies

The present research highlights physical significance of green combination of metal oxide nanomaterials utilizing medicinal plant which has widely analyzed in different medical applications i.e., medicinal science, therapeutics. In this paper, we discussed environmentally benign approach for synthesizing silver doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Ag–CuO NPs) utilizing (ACLE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to confirm the size, crystalline structure and surface morphology of the obtained nanomaterials. The monoclinic crystalline structure of the Ag–CuO NPs as produced was revealed by XRD patterns. Morphological analysis disclosed the nano-based spherical configuration of Ag–CuO NPs, as well as their morphology and elemental composition. The anti-diabetic effect of Ag–CuO NPs was further investigated utilizing a yeast cell model and amylase inhibition. Here, a decrease in intracellular glucose and a delay in carbohydrate digestion indicate promising antidiabetic action. Furthermore, the prepared nanomaterial showed anticancer potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line, with an IC ₅₀ value of 11.21 g/ml.     

Magnetic and dielectric response of M-type barium hexaferrite

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) is a promising candidate for ceramics, microwave devices and numerous applications. Barium hexaferrite was synthesised via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique using glycine fuel. The X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the hexagonal structure of the particles with space group P63/mmc. The morphological analysis was performed using the field-emission scanning microscope, and the images displayed the plate-like particle formation. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the average particle size of the sample, which was estimated to be 155.93 nm. The magnetic studies were taken through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 300 K, with which the saturation magnetization (M_s), coercivity (H_c), squareness ratio (M_r/M_s), and energy product (BH_max) was calculated, and the particles were validated to be in single domain arrangement. The dielectric properties were investigated through the LCR meter. Koop and Maxwell-Wagner's model was used to interpret charge conduction and the occurrence of relaxations in the system.     

The slowly reacting mode of combustion of gaseous mixtures in spherical vessels. Part 1: Transient analysis and explosion limits

Frank-Kamenetskii's analysis of thermal explosions is revisited, using also a single-reaction model with an Arrhenius rate having a large activation energy, to describe the transient combustion of initially cold gaseous mixtures enclosed in a spherical vessel with a constant wall temperature. The analysis shows two modes of combustion. There is a flameless slowly reacting mode for low wall temperatures or small vessel sizes, when the temperature rise resulting from the heat released by the reaction is kept small by the heat-conduction losses to the wall, so as not to change significantly the order of magnitude of the reaction rate. In the other mode, the slow reaction rates occur only in an initial ignition stage, which ends abruptly when very large reaction rates cause a temperature runaway, or thermal explosion, at a well-defined ignition time and location, thereby triggering a flame that propagates across the vessel to consume the reactant rapidly. Explosion limits are defined, in agreement with Frank-Kamenetskii's analysis, by the limiting conditions for existence of the slowly reacting mode of combustion. In this mode, a quasi-steady temperature distribution is established after a transient reaction stage with small reactant consumption. Most of the reactant is burnt, with nearly uniform mass fraction, in a subsequent long stage during which the temperature follows a quasi-steady balance between the rates of heat conduction to the wall and of chemical heat release. The changes in the explosion limits caused by the enhanced heat-transfer rates associated with buoyant motion are described in an accompanying paper.