2.0μm附近模拟呼吸气体中~(13)CO_2/~(12)CO_2同位素丰度的高精度实时在线测量

采用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术,结合一新型多通池搭建了一套模拟呼吸气体中CO_2同位素丰度的测量装置.气体的压强、温度和流速被很好地控制且均能保持长期的稳定性;采用三次多项式拟合光谱基线,对光谱进行归一化,很好地消除了功率变化对测量结果的影响;利用移窗-回归技术消除频率漂移对同位素丰度测量的影响.实验结果表明:移窗-回归法的引入不仅延长了系统的稳定时间,还提高了系统的测量精度;小波去噪的应用获得了比多光谱平均法高2倍的信噪比;系统的稳定时间为100 s;Kalman滤波后系统测量精度为0.067‰.     

~6Li原子跃迁频率和超精细分裂的精密测量

本文实现了可用于锂原子频率精密测量的冷原子系统,获得了大数目的原子样品;利用西西弗斯冷却和速度选择相干布居俘获实现了~6Li的冷原子的灰色黏胶冷却,原子的温度被冷却到多普勒冷却极限以下,达到50μK;利用光学频率梳,实验上测量了D1线的跃迁频率和超精细分裂,测量结果和理论计算相接近,可以和目前最精确的测量相比较.这些测量为进一步的轻质量原子频率的精密测量、α常数以及核半径的精确标定打下了基础.     

高准确度的钙离子光频标

近年来,冷原子技术和激光技术促进了高精度光频标的发展,有望在建立时间基准、推动基础研究和满足国家需求等方面发挥重要的作用.本文介绍了中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所近年来在高准确度钙离子(~(40)Ca~+)光频标研究方面的进展:采用新的ULE腔系统,实现了729 nm钟跃迁激光器1—100 s的频率稳定度均优于2×10~(-15),通过对外场和环境效应的控制及克服,特别是囚禁离子运动效应的抑制,获得单个钙离子光频标的不确定度优于5.5×10~(-17);通过两台光频标的比对,测得20000 s的稳定度也进入10~(-17)量级;基于高精度钙离子光频标平台,进行了相关精密测量的工作,包括:基于全球定位系统的超高精度远程光频绝对值测量方案,第二次测量了钙离子的光频跃迁绝对值,该测量结果再次被国际时间频率咨询委员会采纳,更新了钙离子的频率推荐值;精确测量了钙离子的钟跃迁魔幻波长,由此提出新型的全光囚禁离子光频标的方法;精密测量了钙离子的亚稳态寿命等参数.以上工作推动了基于冷原子的精密测量工作.     

Effect of gravity gradient in weak equivalence principle test

A high accuracy test of the weak equivalence principle(WEP) is of great scientific significance no matter whether its result is positive. We analyze the gravity gradient effect which is a main systematic error source in the test of WEP.The result shows that the uncompensated gravity gradient effect from the coupling term of the dominated gravity gradient multipole moment component q_(21) and the relative multipole field component Q_(21) contributes to an uncertainty of 1×10~(-11) on the E¨otv¨os parameter. We make a Q_(21) compensation to reduce the effect by about 20 times, and the limit of the test precision due to this coupling is improved to a level of a part in 10~(13).     

高精度惯导系统重力扰动的阻尼抑制方法

重力扰动已经成为高精度长航时惯导系统的主要误差源之一。针对船用高精度惯导系统的重力扰动抑制问题,从舰船INS误差模型出发,推导了重力扰动在惯导系统中的传播特性。仿真结果表明垂线偏差将引起系统较大的舒拉振荡误差。为抑制重力扰动对系统的影响,引入常速度误差反馈阻尼网络和相位超前串联阻尼网络。分析了重力扰动在水平阻尼网络中的传递特性,实现了相应滤波器的设计。在此基础上完成了实验验证,海上试验结果表明,所引入的两种阻尼网络都能够阻尼掉重力扰动引起的舒拉振荡型导航误差,其中,相位超前串联阻尼网络效果更优,抑制率达到70%以上。     

爆炸与冲击问题的大规模高精度计算

爆炸与冲击问题的数值模拟在国防和民用安全领域具有重要的工程实用价值.由于爆炸与冲击问题是一个多物质在高应变率、高温及高压条件下的强非线性的瞬态动力学问题,给数值模拟带来了很多的困难,为此,针对爆炸与冲击问题数值模拟中的一些关键和难点问题开展了研究.提出了三维非线性双曲守恒系统的伪弧长自适应网格算法,分析了算法的实现过程,数值结果表明该算法有效地提高了冲击波强间断处的分辨率.发展了针对气相爆轰数值模拟的附加龙格-库塔方法,对非线性对流项进行显示计算,化学反应源项进行半隐式计算,有效地解决了源项引起的刚性问题,计算结果表明该算法可以准确地捕捉和描述爆轰波的复杂结构和典型特征.针对三维工程实际物理问题中的大规模计算需求,给出了三维多物质流体动力学欧拉数值方法的并行化方法,开发了三维爆炸与冲击问题并行计算程序,并给出了针对该并行程序的测试方法.上述工作有利地解决了爆炸与冲击问题大规模、高精度计算中的一些难题.最后,开展了大口径聚能射流侵彻混凝土靶问题的数值模拟和实验研究,通过典型爆炸与冲击工程问题的计算验证了所研究数值方法的有效性.      

Optimisation of an EPR dosimetry system for robust and high precision dosimetry

Clinical applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry systems demand high accuracy causing time consuming analysis. The need for high spatial resolution dose measurements in regions with steep dose gradients demands small sized dosimeters. An optimization of the analysis was therefore needed to limit the time consumption. The aim of this work was to introduce a new smaller lithium formate dosimeter model (diameter reduced from standard diameter 4.5 mm to 3 mm and height from 4.8 mm to 3 mm). To compensate for reduced homogeneity in a batch of the smaller dosimeters, a method for individual sensitivity correction suitable for EPR dosimetry was tested. Sensitivity and repeatability was also tested for a standard EPR resonator and a super high Q (SHQE) one. The aim was also to optimize the performance of the dosimetry system for better efficiency regarding measurement time and precision. A systematic investigation of the relationship between measurement uncertainty and number of readouts per dosimeter was performed. The conclusions drawn from this work were that it is possible to decrease the dosimeter size with maintained measurement precision by using the SHQE resonator and introducing individual calibration factors for dosimeter batches. It was also shown that it is possible reduce the number of readouts per dosimeter without significantly decreasing the accuracy in measurements.     

Arc rotation characteristics of a plasma centrifuge with a counter-rotating electrical discharge

Arc rotation velocities of a plasma centrifuge with a counter-rotating electrical discharge were measured by using double probes placed perpendicular to each other. The measurement results were compared with the results calculated from the analytic solutions suggested by Hong et al. The comparison revealed that the arc column near the electrodes can be rotated much faster by increasing the arc currents and magnetic fields. For example, the rotational velocity of the are column near the electrodes was increased from 75 to 150 m/s with the increase of magnetic flux density from 15 to 45 mT at the fixed arc current of 50 A. On the other hand, the rotational velocity of the arc column showed only negligible changes at the plane of symmetry, where the radial component of the arc current was designed to become zero due to the symmetry of the counter-rotating electrical discharge. From these measurement results and analytic solutions, gaseous mixtures of different masses can be separated effectively near the electrode regions of a plasma centrifuge with a counter-rotating electrical discharge.     

小型连续变焦相机的结构实现

介绍了一种小型大变倍比变焦相机的主要技术参数,以及采用的变焦方法;详细描述了相机的组成结构,其中变倍和补偿透镜组通过滑架在主体内滑动,其运动轨迹取决于导钉在凸轮曲线槽内的运动状态;阐述了加工和装调过程中为保证相机设计质量而采取的精度保证措施,凸轮曲线槽与滚子的配合间隙应控制在6~9 μm,确保主体的刚度和圆柱度,变倍和补偿滑架在主体内滑动时的返回空回误差<2″,滑架直径D与滑架长度L之间的比值≥1。经高低温和振动试验后检测结果表明：在50 lp/mm空间频率下,相机光学传递函数>0.2,相机外景成像清晰,层次分明。     

Relative angular precision in electron backscatter diffraction: A comparison between cross correlation and Hough transform based analysis

In the present study the relative angular resolution of an electron backscatter diffraction system based on Hough transform analysis has been determined with a silicon single crystal wafer. The resolution is found to be better than 0.1° and can be easily improved by repetition of measurements. A test measurement on a BaFe₂As₂ thin film, where disorientations of 0.1° and less are present, was performed using the cross correlation electron backscatter diffraction technique. The same measurement is evaluated with the Hough transform technique. Comparing both techniques give evidence of a relative resolution of better than 0.1°. However, in specimen areas with strain inhomogeneities a deviation along one rotation axis can be observed.