Modeling and Performance Optimization of an Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Heat Engine

Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load.     

HL-2M 装置供电系统研制

为满足 HL-2M 装置的供电需求,须配套建设相应的供电系统。通过仿真计算 HL-2M 装置的总体供 电需求,考虑到 HL-2A 装置现有的供电系统设备,提出了兼顾 HL-2A 和 HL-2M 装置供电需求的总体配置方案。介绍了国内首台 300MVA 立式交流脉冲发电机组、磁体电源、高压电源和电源控制系统的研制情况。     

磁场电源在 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电中的应用

磁场电源是 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电的重要组成部分,它关系到 HL-2M 装置零场的建立,等 离子体的击穿和维持及位形控制。为实现初始等离子体放电所需的供电电压和电流,对磁场电源从主回路、控制、 测量和保护分别作了相应的调整。在此基础上进行了大量的工程调试,确保了磁场电源的控制和保护等性能达到 初始等离子体放电的需求。在磁场电源运行中,电源控制性能和输出参数的一致性、纹波质量等都有显著提高。 介绍了磁场电源在调试及 HL-2M 装置初始放电中的应用。     

HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电磁场电源实时控制系统设计

为满足 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电参数的需求,根据磁场电源的主回路拓扑结构设计了一套实 时控制系统。系统硬件架构基于 NI PXI 与 CompactRIO 控制器,采用基于共享内存网络的千兆光纤网络传输数据, 并在本地将中控传输的控制数据处理为对应的触发脉冲,具备很强的实时性与准确性。经过首次等离子体放电实 验的验证,磁场电源实时控制系统可完全满足首次等离子体放电的需求。     

Refined Composite Multi-Scale Reverse Weighted Permutation Entropy and Its Applications in Ship-Radiated Noise

Ship-radiated noise is one of the important signal types under the complex ocean background, which can well reflect physical properties of ships. As one of the valid measures to characterize the complexity of ship-radiated noise, permutation entropy (PE) has the advantages of high efficiency and simple calculation. However, PE has the problems of missing amplitude information and single scale. To address the two drawbacks, refined composite multi-scale reverse weighted PE (RCMRWPE), as a novel measurement technology of describing the signal complexity, is put forward based on refined composite multi-scale processing (RCMP) and reverse weighted PE (RWPE). RCMP is an improved method of coarse-graining, which not only solves the problem of single scale, but also improves the stability of traditional coarse-graining; RWPE has been proposed more recently, and has better inter-class separability and robustness performance to noise than PE, weighted PE (WPE), and reverse PE (RPE). Additionally, a feature extraction scheme of ship-radiated noise is proposed based on RCMRWPE, furthermore, RCMRWPE is combined with discriminant analysis classifier (DAC) to form a new classification method. After that, a large number of comparative experiments of feature extraction schemes and classification methods with two artificial random signals and six ship-radiated noise are carried out, which show that the proposed feature extraction scheme has better performance in distinguishing ability and stability than the other three similar feature extraction schemes based on multi-scale PE (MPE), multi-scale WPE (MWPE), and multi-scale RPE (MRPE), and the proposed classification method also has the highest recognition rate.     

Quasi-Static Variation of Power-Law and Log-Normal Distributions of Urban Population

We analytically derived and confirmed by empirical data the following three relations from the quasi-time-reversal symmetry, Gibrat’s law, and the non-Gibrat’s property observed in the urban population data of France. The first is the relation between the time variation of the power law and the quasi-time-reversal symmetry in the large-scale range of a system that changes quasi-statically. The second is the relation between the time variation of the log-normal distribution and the quasi-time-reversal symmetry in the mid-scale range. The third is the relation among the parameters of log-normal distribution, non-Gibrat’s property, and quasi-time-reversal symmetry.     

晚期HEMP作用下铁路牵引供电系统GIC算法研究

高空核爆电磁脉冲晚期效应（E₃）会引起地磁场剧烈变化并形成地面感应电场。感应电场等效为激励源与地面长距离导体和大地构成回路,产生地磁感应电流 （GIC）。GIC可引起牵引供电系统中变压器直流偏磁,从而严重威胁牵引供电系统的安全运行。本文基于平面波理论、分层大地电导率模型并结合牵引供电系统的电路模型,提出E₃作用下的牵引供电系统GIC算法,并以带回流线的直接供电方式的铁路牵引供电系统为例,首次计算了系统GIC情况。结果表明,该供电方式下牵引供电系统中的GIC远大于系统中变压器等设备的耐受值,为进一步研究E₃作用下牵引供电系统效应及我国铁路设备选型、灾害防治等提供支撑。     

Electronic and optical properties of 3N-doped graphdiyne/MoS2 heterostructures tuned by biaxial strain and external electric field

The construction of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures by stacking different two-dimensional layered materials have been recognised as an effective strategy to obtain the desired properties. The 3N-doped graphdiyne (N-GY) has been successfully synthesized in the laboratory. It could be assembled into a supercapacitor and can be used for tensile energy storage. However, the flat band and wide forbidden bands could hinder its application of N-GY layer in optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices. In order to extend the application of N-GY layer in electronic devices, MoS₂ was selected to construct an N-GY/MoS₂ heterostructure due to its good electronic and optical properties. The N-GY/MoS₂ heterostructure has an optical absorption range from the visible to ultraviolet with a absorption coefficient of 10⁵ cm^-1. The N-GY/MoS₂ heterostructure exhibits a type-Ⅱ band alignment allows the electron-hole to be located on N-GY and MoS₂ respectively, which can further reduce the electron-hole complexation to increase exciton lifetime. The power conversion efficiency of N-GY/MoS₂ heterostructure is up to 17.77%, indicating it is a promising candidate material for solar cells. In addition, the external electric field and biaxial strain could effectively tune the electronic structure. Our results provide a theoretical support for the design and application of N-GY/MoS₂ vdW heterostructures in semiconductor sensors and photovoltaic devices.     

感应耦合等离子体中和枪的电子引出特性研究

给出了一种感应耦合等离子体源的设计,用于等离子体中和枪装置.通过实验方法研究等离子体源的电子引出特性,并结合理论分析了等离子体密度随射频功率的变化关系.研究结果表明等离子体源的电子引出特性与放电腔内气压有关联性,E?H模式转换中电子密度的变化与负载的电感值相关.研究成果对等离子体中和枪的发展有重要的参考价值.     

量子点单光子源的光纤耦合

半导体量子点在低温下产生谱线细锐的激子发光可制备单光子源.光纤耦合可避免低温共聚焦装置扫描定位和振动影响,是实现单光子源即插即用和组件化的关键技术.在耦合工艺上,基于微区定位标记发展出拉锥光纤与光子晶体腔或波导侧向耦合、大数值孔径锥形端面光纤与量子点样片垂直耦合等技术;然而,上述工艺需要多维度精密调节以避免柔软光纤的畸形弯曲实现对准和高效耦合.陶瓷插针或石英V槽封装的光纤无弯曲且具有大平滑端面,只要与单量子点样片对准贴合就可保证垂直收光, V槽封装的排式光纤还可通过盲对粘合避免扫描对准,耦合简单.本文在前期排式光纤粘合少对数分布Bragg反射镜(distributed Bragg reflector, DBR)微柱样片实现单光子输出基础上,经理论模拟采用多对数DBR腔提升样片垂直出光和光纤收光效率,使光纤输出单光子计数率大大提升.