The solution existence of general variational inclusion problems

We propose general variational inclusion problems which are slightly different from corresponding problems considered in several recent papers in the literature and show that they are advantageous. Sufficient conditions for the solution existence are established. As applications we derive consequences for several special cases of variational inclusion problems, quasioptimization problems, equilibrium problems and implicit variational inequalities and show that they improve the results of some recent existing papers.     

Femtosecond laser structuring of titanium implants

In this study we perform the first femtosecond laser surface treatment of titanium in order to determine the potential of this technology for surface structuring of titanium implants. We find that the femtosecond laser produces a large variety of nanostructures (nanopores, nanoprotrusions) with a size down to 20 nm, multiple parallel grooved surface patterns with a period on the sub-micron level, microroughness in the range of 1-15 μm with various configurations, smooth surface with smooth micro-inhomogeneities, and smooth surface with sphere-like nanostructures down to 10 nm. Also, we have determined the optimal conditions for producing these surface structural modifications. Femtosecond laser treatment can produce a richer variety of surface structures on titanium for implants and other biomedical applications than long-pulse laser treatments.     

Angular and NiFe thickness dependence of exchange bias in IrMn/NiFe/IrMn thin film

Exchange biased IrMn/NiFe/IrMn thin films were studied as a function of NiFe thickness. In plane angular dependence of a resonance field distribution which is measured by FMR was analyzed as a combined effect of an unidirectional anisotropy and an uniaxial anisotropy. The unidirectional anisotropic field and the uniaxial anisotropic field were linearly varied with NiFe thickness while the films with a thicker NiFe layer do not follow the linear variation. Resonance field and linewidth variations were also analysed with NiFe thickness.     

The study of exchange coupling in NiFe/Cu/IrMn trilayer structures by MOKE and FMR measurements

The exchange coupling strength of NiFe/Cu/IrMn trilayer films was examined with both a new magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) method developed for the exchange coupling field determination and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. We found that the value for exchange coupling field obtained by the MOKE technique coincided with FMR result with high accuracy. Other peculiarities of FMR measurements due to interlayer exchange coupling such as angular dependence of resonance field on Cu spacer thickness are also shown in the article.     

ℙmax variations related to slaloms

We prove the iteration lemmata, which are the key lemmata to show that extensions by Pmax variations satisfy absoluteness for Π₂-statements in the structure 〈H (ω ₂), ∈, NS_{ω 1}, R 〉 for some set R of reals in L (ℝ), for the following statements: (1) The cofinality of the null ideal is ℵ₁. (2) There exists a good basis of the strong measure zero ideal. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Properties of Josephson junctions in the inhomogeneous magnetic field of a system of ferromagnetic particles

The effect of an array of ferromagnetic nanoparticles on the field-dependent critical current of the short overlap Josephson junction is experimentally studied. Large reversible variations of the maximum critical current are observed depending on the magnetic state of the particles. The pronounced commensurability effects are detected which are proved by the additional peaks of magnetic field induced diffraction pattern.     

Bivariate Recursive Equations on Excess-of-loss Reinsurance

This paper investigates bivariate recursive equations on excess-of-loss reinsurance. For an insurance portfolio, under the assumptions that the individual claim severity distribution has bounded continuous density and the number of claims belongs to R1 （a, b） family, bivariate recursive equations for the joint distribution of the cedent＇s aggregate claims and the reinsurer＇s aggregate claims are obtained.     

Scientific legacy of Stanley Ruby

Stanley L. Ruby (1924–2004) made major contributions to Mössbauer spectroscopy and was the first to suggest the feasibility of observing the Mössbauer effect using synchrotron radiation. In this article we recall his scientific legacy that have inspired his scientific colleagues.     

Structural,magnetic and Mössbauer spectral studies of nanosize aluminum substituted nickel zinc ferrites

Nanosize aluminum substituted nickel zinc ferrites were prepared through aerosol route and characterized using TEM, XRD, magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The particle size of as obtained samples was found to be ∼10 nm which increases up to ∼85 nm upon annealing at 1200 °C. The unit cell parameter ‘a’ decreases linearly with concentration of aluminum due to the small ionic radius of aluminum. The saturation magnetization for all the samples after annealing at 1200 °C lies in the range 12.9–72.6 emu/g and decreases linearly with concentration of aluminum. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra of all as obtained samples of ferrite compositions exhibited a broad doublet suggesting super paramagnetic nature. This doublet is further resolved into two doublets and assigned to the surface region and internal region atoms of the particles. The samples annealed at 1200 °C show broad sextets, which were fitted with five sextets, indicating different local environment of both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Fe cation.