不同环境光下液晶显示器人眼辨色阈值的研究

为了研究在不同环境光下人眼辨色水平上的颜色视觉特性,通过在液晶显示器上显示颜色刺激,使用心理物理学中的恒常刺激法进行主观实验,获取了CIE1976a*-b*平面上3名标准观察者在暗室、A光源和D50三种环境光下的5个基本颜色中心的主观实验数据。采用性能因子PF/3评价标准观察者的测试重复性和准确性,根据主观实验拟合得到色度椭圆来表示辨色阈值实验的结果。实验结果表明:CIE1976a*-b*平面是视觉非均匀的;在整体上,人眼的辨色灵敏度随着外界光源色温的变大而变小;人眼在三种环境光下的5个颜色中心区域,红绿方向的视觉色差尺度均小于黄蓝方向。实验结果可以为均匀颜色空间和色差公式的改进提供原始数据。     

骨关节炎软骨的近红外光谱学研究及分期诊断

骨关节炎是一种威胁中老年人群公共健康和生活质量的重大医学疾病。骨关节炎的早期病变主要表现在细胞外基质成分含量的变化,患者自身很难发现,现有的临床方法和实验方法也不能较准确地识别骨关节炎的早期病变。近年来,傅里叶变换近红外（FTNIR）光谱技术因为其分析速度快、成本低、易于穿透组织获得样本的光谱信息等特点已被用于手术导航、无损检测和疾病诊断等各个领域。基于以上优势,采用FTNIR技术对不同深度分区（表层区、过渡区、深层区）的健康和骨关节炎的关节软骨进行NIR光谱采集和预处理,结合主成分分析（PCA）和Fisher判别（FDA）分别研究不同的预处理方式对判别结果的影响、不同深度下基质成分含量的变化以及骨关节炎分期识别。比较其他2种（基线校正、二阶导数3次多项式25点Savitzky-Golay平滑）预处理方式,同分区中一阶导数2次多项式21点Savitzky-Golay平滑预处理的判别结果最优,其中表层区的识别率高达95%（初始案例）和90%（交互验证案例）;表层区的判别结果优于过渡区,更优于深层区,恰可证明骨关节炎的早期病变主要发生在表层区。在骨关节炎分期识别中,经数据优化后模型的初始案例识别率为100%,交互验证识别率为93.3%,预测集的识别率为87.5%。结果表明：NIR光谱的一阶导数预处理结合PCA-FDA方法能有效地鉴别关节软骨病变与否并进行骨关节炎的分期诊断,对骨关节炎监测和早期诊断研究具有重要意义,并有潜力应用于骨关节炎的原位分期和早期临床诊断。     

Boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis with application to near infrared spectroscopic tea variety discrimination

In the present study, boosting has been combined with partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) to develop a new pattern recognition method called boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (BPLS‐DA). BPLS‐DA is implemented by firstly constructing a series of PLS‐DA models on the various weighted versions of the original calibration set and then combining the predictions from the constructed PLS‐DA models to obtain the integrative results by weighted majority vote. Coupled with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, BPLS‐DA has been applied to discriminate different kinds of tea varieties. As comparisons to BPLS‐DA, the conventional principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and PLS‐DA have also been investigated. Experimental results have shown that the inter‐variety difference can be accurately and rapidly distinguished via NIR spectroscopy coupled with BPLS‐DA. Moreover, the introduction of boosting drastically enhances the performance of an individual PLS‐DA, and BPLS‐DA is a well‐performed pattern recognition technique superior to LDA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

α-氨基丁酸对映异构体在DMF+水混合溶剂中的焓对作用

利用等温滴定微量热法(ITC)分别测定了298.15K时L-α-氨基丁酸和D-α-氨基丁酸两种对映异构体在不同组成的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)+水混合溶剂中的稀释焓.根据统计热力学的McMillan-Mayer理论计算各溶剂组成下的同系焓对作用系数(hxx).从溶质-溶质和溶质-溶剂相互作用的观点出发探讨了三元水溶液中疏水-疏水、疏水-亲水和亲水-亲水作用的竞争平衡.实验发现,在所研究的混合溶剂组成范围内(wDMF=0-0.3),α-氨基丁酸两种对映体的hxx都是较大的正值,且都随wDMF的增大而逐渐减小,而有趣的是L型对映体的hxx值普遍比D型的大(hLLhDD),说明ITC可以区分对映异构体的同手性焓对作用.结果表明:在α-氨基丁酸+水+DMF三元溶液体系中,疏水-疏水和疏水-亲水作用在分子对作用过程中占优势;在α-氨基丁酸的同种对映体发生分子对作用时,L-L分子对比D-D分子对在构型上更有利于α-碳上疏水侧链(CH3CH2-)的靠拢,疏水基团的水合壳层发生交盖,局部破坏而释放出部分结构化的水,过程自发、吸热且伴随显著熵增(ΔG0,ΔH0,ΔS=(ΔH-ΔG)/T0),因而在稀释时释放出更多热量,hxx具有较大的正值.     

Minimax Strategy of Optimal Unambiguous State Discrimination

In this paper, we consider the minimax strategy to unambiguously discriminate two pure nonorthogonal quantum states without knowing a priori probability. By exploiting the positive-operator valued measure, we derive the upper bound of the minimax measurement of the optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Based on the linear optical devices, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to implement a minimax measure of a general pair of two nonorthogonal quantum states.     

MSE/SSE discrimination methods of the PC-HPGe detector

Having advantages of low capacitance and low energy threshold, the PC-HPGe (Point-Contact High Purity Germanium) detector has found its application in the direct detection of WIMP(Weak Interaction Massive Particle) in CDEX (China Darkmatter Experiment). The MSE (Multi-Site Event) and SSE(Single-Site Event) discrimination methods of the PC-HPGe detector are introduced in this article, including their physical basis, the electronics system and the algorithms to implement them. Behaviors of the PC-HPGe detector are studied intensively through this research and finally the experimental results of the LE discrimination method are presented.     

L~1空间中直接离散法求解弱奇异积分方程特征值的探讨

在L~1空间中讨论弱奇异积分方程的特征值问题.利用弱奇异积分算子为紧算子,便可以对其直接进行离散化算法求出特征值.并将直接离散的方法与以往的迭代后离散的方法用实例通过Matlab作图进行对比,说明直接进行离散的方法更佳.     

Metabolomics approach to growth-age discrimination in mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Mountain-cultivated ginseng is typically harvested after 10 years, while ginseng aged over 15 years is considered wild ginseng. This study aims to differentiate mountain-cultivated ginseng by age, as the fraudulent practice of selling low-aged cultivated ginseng disguised as high-aged one is damaging the market. In this study, LC-MS analyzed 98 ginseng samples, and multivariate statistical analysis identified patterns between samples to select influential components. Machine learning models were developed to identify ginseng samples of different ages. The untargeted metabolomic analysis clearly divided samples aged 4-20 years into three age groups. Twenty-two potential age-dependent biomarkers were discovered to differentiate the three sample groups. Three machine learning models were used to predict new samples, and the optimal model was selected. Some biomarkers could determine age phases according to the differentiation of mountain-cultivated ginseng samples. These biomarkers were thoroughly analyzed for variation trends. The machine learning models established using the screened biomarkers successfully predicted the age group of new samples.     

The construction of simultaneous optimal experimental designs for several polynomials in the calibration of analytical methods

In this paper a criterion is described for the construction of experimental designs for the evaluation of calibration models in analytical chemistry. The proposed criterion seeks a compromise between the D-optimal designs for estimating the parameters of different polynomial models. A computer algorithm is presented for a sequential construction of experimental designs using the optimality criterion. The performance of the optimality criterion and the computer algorithm is elaborated for the problem of discrimination between a first- to a third-degree polynomial for the calibration of analytical methods. An experimental design consisting of replicate measurements at five distinct levels equally spaced over the calibration range proved a good solution.