Minimax Strategy of Optimal Unambiguous State Discrimination

In this paper, we consider the minimax strategy to unambiguously discriminate two pure nonorthogonal quantum states without knowing a priori probability. By exploiting the positive-operator valued measure, we derive the upper bound of the minimax measurement of the optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Based on the linear optical devices, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to implement a minimax measure of a general pair of two nonorthogonal quantum states.     

MSE/SSE discrimination methods of the PC-HPGe detector

Having advantages of low capacitance and low energy threshold, the PC-HPGe (Point-Contact High Purity Germanium) detector has found its application in the direct detection of WIMP(Weak Interaction Massive Particle) in CDEX (China Darkmatter Experiment). The MSE (Multi-Site Event) and SSE(Single-Site Event) discrimination methods of the PC-HPGe detector are introduced in this article, including their physical basis, the electronics system and the algorithms to implement them. Behaviors of the PC-HPGe detector are studied intensively through this research and finally the experimental results of the LE discrimination method are presented.     

基于近红外光谱的粳稻种子快速鉴别方法研究

黑龙江省是我国最大的粳稻产区和商品粮生产基地。水稻种植过程中,选择合适的水稻品种是实现高产的关键环节。在农业生产中,水稻品种的选择受多方面因素影响,一般说来,同一积温带所种植的不同水稻品种在外观上差别不大,甚至没有差别,很难通过肉眼观察进行准确区分。为了快速鉴别肉眼不便区分的不同类别粳稻种子,提出了一种基于近红外光谱技术的粳稻品种快速无损鉴别方法。以黑龙江垦区大量种植的3种不同品种的粳稻种子（垦粳5号、垦粳6号和绥粳4号）作为研究对象,每个品种选取40个样本,其中30个样本做为建模集,10个样本作为预测集,扫描获取全部120个样本的近红外光谱数据。对原始光谱数据（11 520～4 000 cm-1）两端进行裁剪,选取吸光度较强的8 250～5 779cm-1范围内的光谱数据进行研究。首先建立参照模型,即直接对光谱数据建立BP模型1, 同时光谱数据经过一阶导数和Savitzky-Golay平滑预处理后建立BP模型2。模型1的分类正确率为93.3%,预测集均方根误差RMSEP=0.232 8,迭代时间t=3 882.9 s。模型2的分类正确率为100%,RMSEP=0.070 6,迭代时间t=954.5 s。比较两种模型的评价参数RMSEP发现FD+SG预处理可以提高模型的预测能力,但是由于两种模型未进行降维处理,数据量过大,模型的输入节点过多,迭代时间太长,不利于实际应用。因此利用小波变换多分辨率的特点对数据进行降维处理,采用预测集残差平方和Press值作为评价指标,在多个小波类别和参数中选取分解尺度为5的sym2（symlet2）小波对光谱数据进行压缩和降维处理,将光谱数据由601维降到21维。以小波变换结果作为神经网络输入,建立模型3,并与模型1比较,模型3的分类正确率为93.3%, RMSEP=0.225 0, 迭代时间t缩短至198.9 s,比较结果显示小波降维可以减少神经网络的输入,简化神经网络的结构,从而提高迭代速度,但对提高模型的预测能力效果不明显。上述三种模型比较结果表明,FD+SG预处理可以提高模型的预测能力,小波降维可以提高模型的迭代速度,综合上述三种模型的比较结果分析,最终建立“FD+SG+小波降维”的21输入、15个隐层、3个输出的神经网络鉴别模型4,其分类正确率达100%,RMSEP=0.029 3, 迭代时间为98.8 s,表明模型4能够完全实现对三种不同水稻品种的快速、准确、无损鉴别。因此,所提出的基于近红外光谱的小波降维和反向传播人工神经网络鉴别模型的方法完全可以用于粳稻种子的快速无损鉴别,同时也为其他农作物种子的快速鉴别提供了参考。     

大口径光学元件表面灰尘与麻点自动判别

在大口径光学元件表面疵病初检时,灰尘和麻点由于形态类似,不易区分。针对该问题,提出了一种基于模式识别理论的灰尘麻点判别方法。该判别方法以既有的疵病检测系统为基础,根据灰尘麻点的暗场成像特点,选取了合适的特征并根据因子分析理论对特征进行变换,最后基于贝叶斯判别原理对灰尘麻点进行分类。采用自制定标板建立了灰尘麻点训练样本库,并进行多组实验,选取了合适的判别函数,最后进行了对未知样品表面灰尘麻点的区分。实验结果表明,该判别方法的正确率可以达到95%以上。目前此判别方法已经用于惯性约束聚变系统中大口径光学元件表面灰尘与麻点自动区分。     

Optical Color Pattern Recognition with High Discrimination Capability Using Binary Amplitude Phase-Only Filters

The possibility of improving the discrimination capability (DC) in color pattern recognition is analyzed. In each channel, red, green and blue (R, G, B), a region of support is designed to improve the behavior of the Phase Only Filter matched to the corresponding component of the target. The procedure of optimization is based on the analytical expressions which give the DC in R, G, B channels, for real valued input scenes. Computer simulation results are presented and discussed.     

骨关节炎软骨的近红外光谱学研究及分期诊断

骨关节炎是一种威胁中老年人群公共健康和生活质量的重大医学疾病.骨关节炎的早期病变主要表现在细胞外基质成分含量的变化,患者自身很难发现,现有的临床方法和实验方法也不能较准确地识别骨关节炎的早期病变.近年来,傅里叶变换近红外(FTNIR)光谱技术因为其分析速度快、成本低、易于穿透组织获得样本的光谱信息等特点已被用于手术导航...     

低本底液闪中子探测器的材料测试研究

为测量中国锦屏地下实验室（China JinPing underground Laboratory,CJPL）极低通量的中子本底,需要建造大型快中子液体闪烁体探测器。建造探测器需要选用低放射性本底材料,并且化学性质稳定,不与液体闪烁体发生反应而影响液体闪烁体（EJ-335）的性能。为此,建造了小型液闪探测器,在其中分别放入聚四氟乙烯、无氧铜、氟橡胶、全氟醚橡胶这4种材料进行长期浸泡,并分别进行了如下测试:液闪长时间浸泡各种材料前后液闪的吸收光谱测试;用60Co γ源检测小型液闪探测器光产额随时间的变化情况;用Am-Be中子源检验探测器在浸泡前后的n-γ甄别性能。最终实验结果表明,聚四氟乙烯和全氟醚这2种材料与液闪有很好的兼容性,可作为大型快中子液闪探测器的容器和密封圈的备选材料。In order to measure the flux and spectrum of neutron background which is extremely low in China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL), liquid scintillator detector with large scale used to detect fast neutron need to be fabricated. Surrounding materials used in detector require the excellent performance, such as low radioactivity as well as stable chemical properties, which do not react with liquid scintillator, so as to avoid affecting the performance of detector. Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), highly purified no-oxygen copper, fluororubber and perfluoroelastomer had been put in a small detector and soaked for a long time. The change of absorption spectrum and light yield along with time as well as the performance of n-γ discrimination after soaked were tested. The results show that PTFE and Perfluoroelastomer are compatible with liquid scintillator, which offers a reference for the selection of material used in container and seal of liquid scintillator detector used to detect fast neutron.     

利用自相关函数warping变换的浅海声源深度判别

针对浅海波导声源深度判别问题,提出了一种利用warping变换提取接收信号简正波相关项的深度判别方法。对接收信号自相关函数做warping变换,分离其简正波相关项,利用能量占主导的简正波相关项特征频率之间的比例关系,确定其号数,从而分辨水面声源和水下声源。公式推导和数值仿真结果说明:不同深度声源激发的能量占主导的简正波相关项特征频率不同,可以用于判别声源深度。海试实验结果证明:在海水声速随深度不变或缓变的水文环境,低频条件下,该方法可以分离简正波相关项并确定其号数,在未知声源距离的情况下有效进行声源深度判别,且无须声源相对接收器运动。     

Chiral discrimination in hydrogen-bonded complexes of 2-fluorooxirane with hydrogen peroxide

The paper reports on an ab initio investigation of an extensive series of propylene oxide (PO)···hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) complexes to investigate chiral discrimination. Second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used. Four complexes of 2–fluorooxirane (FO)···HOOH were identified and their structures as well as their calculated stability ordering were determined. Only–O–is the main interaction point and the–F is not a hydrogen bond acceptor in the four complexes. In this study, the four complexes were defined in a similar way as for PO···HOOH. The largest chirodiastaltic energy between RP-syn and RM-anti is 0.899 kcal mol^?1 and the largest diastereofacial energy between RP-syn and RP-anti is 1.116 kcal mol^?1. For the chiral 2,3-difluorooxirane (R,R), the chirodiastaltic energy is identical to the diastereomeric energy at 0.277 kcal mol^?1. The results obtained were compared with previously reported results on propylene oxide(PO)···HOOH and 2-methylol oxirane(M-olOx)···HOOH complexes. The mechanisms of chiral discrimination in FO···HOOH, PO···HOOH and M-olOx···HOOH were discussed. The harmonic frequencies, IR intensities, rotational constants and dipole moments for the complexes were also presented to assist future spectroscopic investigation.     

啤酒中挥发性成分的测定及产地鉴别

采用自动固相微萃取提取啤酒中的挥发性成分,并利用快速气相色谱/质谱联用对其挥发性物质成分进行分析,样品分析时间仅为10min,并且整个分析过程实现了自动化。通过检索NIST谱库鉴定出42种挥发性成分,其中含10种酯类、10种烃类、9种醇类、7种酸类及一些其他类化合物。对不同产地的啤酒进行主成分分析,不同厂家的产品在投影图上得到很好的聚类。通过载荷分析,发现对鉴别厂家贡献最大的是卡必醇以及乙酸、辛酸、癸酸三种有机酸。更多还原