Tractable model discrimination for safety–critical systems with disjunctive and coupled constraints

This paper considers the model discrimination problem among a finite number of models in safety–critical systems that are subjected to constraints that can be disjunctive and where state and input constraints can be coupled with each other. In particular, we consider both the optimal input design problem for active model discrimination that is solved offline as well as the online passive model discrimination problem via a model invalidation framework. To overcome the issues associated with non-convex and generalized semi-infinite constraints due to the disjunctive and coupled constraints, we propose some techniques for reformulating these constraints in a computationally tractable manner by leveraging the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and introducing binary variables, thus recasting the active and passive model discrimination problems into tractable mixed-integer linear/quadratic programming (MILP/MIQP) problems. When compared with existing approaches, our method is able to obtain the optimal solution and is observed in simulations to also result in less computation time. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active model discrimination approach for estimating driver intention with disjunctive safety constraints and state–input coupled curvature constraints, as well as for fault identification.     

基于光谱特征变量的高寒草甸主要毒草分类方法研究

高寒草甸毒草化是青藏高原草地生态系统面临的主要问题之一。高寒草甸毒草分类技术对草地群落的变化具有及时监测和科学防控的重要意义。近年来,毒草种类及危害面积急剧增加,传统人工实地调查耗时费力、调查结果代表性差。同时毒草在地域分布上具有一定的差异性,依靠人力难以实现大面积调查。高光谱遥感技术凭借分辨率高、波段多、图谱合一等特点,在毒草精细分类中表现出巨大的优势,可满足快速、准确、大尺度获取毒草发生面积的需求。已有学者对草地植物的光谱反射特征开展了研究,证明采用植物光谱反射特征可有效区分其种类。但是,目前尚缺乏针对草地有毒植物光谱特征变量的筛选及构建基于毒草光谱特征的预测分类模型。本研究利用SOC710VP近红外高光谱成像仪,在甘肃省天祝县和玛曲县境内高寒草甸上采集黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)、宽苞棘豆(O latibracteata)、多枝黄芪(Astragalus polycladus)、长毛风毛菊(Saussurea hieracioides)、黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)、乳白香青(Anaphalis lactea)、葵花大蓟(Cirsium souliei)、瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)、密花香薷(Elsholtzia densa)、露蕊乌头(Aconitum gymnandrum)、碎米蕨叶马先蒿(Pedicularis cheilanrthifolia)11种主要毒草野外光谱数据,采用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑算法（SG）对原始光谱值进行去噪,使用一阶微分导数（FD）开展光谱特征分析,利用典型判别分析（CDA）对选用的16种光谱特征变量标准化得分系数绝对值进行排序,然后从大到小分别添加到随机森林（RF）、支持向量机-径向核函数（SVM-RBF）、k最邻近分类（KNN）、朴素贝叶斯（NB）、决策树（CART）5种算法中构建分类模型并筛选最佳特征变量,使用混淆矩阵评价分类效果。结果表明：（1）16个光谱特征变量典型判别分析（CDA）总体分类精度为92.34%,R2=0.89;（2）筛选出最佳分类光谱特征变量为绿峰幅值（Mg）、蓝边面积（Ab）、红边幅值（Mre）、红边面积（Are）、红边位置（Lre）、NDVI2、RVI1;（3）将筛选出的7个光谱特征变量用于毒草分类,结果支持向量机-径向核函数（SVM-RBF）分类效果最好,精度达96.45%。     

痕量动物油和植物油的区分检验研究

采用碱催化甲酯化的前处理方法,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对动物油和植物油的区分检验进行了研究。实验检出了6种主要脂肪酸:肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸。分析了动物油与植物油在成分及相对含量上的差异,并且找出了动物油和植物油在不饱和度上的差别。根据动物油与植物油的差异点,可以对动物油和植物油进行区分。     

A novel adenosine-based molecular beacon probe for room temperature nucleic acid rapid detection in cotton thread device

We used cotton thread as substrate to develop a novel room temperature DNA detection device for low-cost, sensitive and rapid detection of a human genetic disease, hereditary tyrosinemia type I related DNA sequences. A novel adenosine based molecular beacon (ABMB) probe modified on gold nanoparticle was used as reporter probe. In the presence of coralyne, a small molecule which can react with adenosines, the ABMB would form a hairpin structure just like traditional molecular beacon used extensively. In the presence of target DNA sequences, the hairpin structure of ABMB modified on gold nanoparticles will be opened and the biotin group modified at one end of the DNA probes will be released and react with the streptavidin immobilized on the test zone of the cotton thread. The response of the thread based DNA test device is linear over the range of 2.5–100 nM complementary DNA. The ability of our developed device for discriminating the single base mismatched DNA related to a human genetic disease, hereditary tyrosinemia type I, was improved comparing with previous report. It is worth mentioning that the whole assay procedure for DNA test is performed under room temperature which simplified the assay procedures greatly.