年龄与视觉光谱响应的相关性及其对颜色辨别的影响

采用心理物理实验方法中的同时双眼观察技术,组织3名不同年龄段(21,32,58岁)的观察者在EIZO液晶显示器上,每人重复7次匹配九种打印色样,建立不同年龄观察者匹配跨媒体颜色的数据组,研究不同年龄观察者的跨媒体颜色匹配视细胞响应。发现随着年龄的增长,观察者匹配九种颜色的鲜艳度明显下降,并且在匹配蓝色和紫色时,老年观察者蓝色通道的光谱响应明显降低。研究结果在某种程度上验证了CIEPO06观察者生理模型的结果,同时也为颜色再现行业生产、评价与年龄相关产品提供一定的理论依据和实验支持。     

大口径光学元件表面灰尘与麻点自动判别

在大口径光学元件表面疵病初检时,灰尘和麻点由于形态类似,不易区分。针对该问题,提出了一种基于模式识别理论的灰尘麻点判别方法。该判别方法以既有的疵病检测系统为基础,根据灰尘麻点的暗场成像特点,选取了合适的特征并根据因子分析理论对特征进行变换,最后基于贝叶斯判别原理对灰尘麻点进行分类。采用自制定标板建立了灰尘麻点训练样本库,并进行多组实验,选取了合适的判别函数,最后进行了对未知样品表面灰尘麻点的区分。实验结果表明,该判别方法的正确率可以达到95%以上。目前此判别方法已经用于惯性约束聚变系统中大口径光学元件表面灰尘与麻点自动区分。     

掺钆液闪中子探测器的研制

中子在探测器中能产生与暗物质粒子（WIMPs）类似的核反冲信号,对于低背景的暗物质直接探测实验,精确测量和排除中子的干扰尤其重要。为测量中国锦屏地下实验室(CJPL)中子本底的通量,研制了高效的、具有很强中子-伽马分辨的掺钆液闪快中子探测器。介绍了掺钆液闪中子探测器的研制和性能,包括探测器形状和尺寸的设计,液体闪烁体类型、光电倍增管型号以及液闪容器材料的选择,探测器的伽马能量刻度以及中子与伽马信号的甄别。用Am-Be中子源对探测器进行探测效率刻度,得到阈值为0.2 MeV等效电子能量的中子探测效率为(6.300.30)%,满足中国锦屏地下实验室对中子通量测量的要求。     

抗干涉齿轮集机构最优归一化编码的理论与方法

抗干涉齿轮集(CMG, Counter-Meshing Gears)机构是一种可用于确保要害系统安全性的机械组合锁的密码鉴别机构。对于N个A和N个B任意组合的二元解锁符号序列,如何用最小、固定的齿轮层数C和齿轮分度数D实现相应CMG机构密码鉴别齿牙的二元装定编码,是具有重要实用背景的CMG机构最优归一化编码问题。借助此前报道的CMG机构分类方法、二维迷宫映射图、关键陷阱格点(CTG, Critical Route Grid)的三色循环着色编码方法等工具,系统论述了CMG机构最优归一化编码的理论与方法。给出了两种可选的编码方法,及每种方法最小编码空间需求(用CD表征)和编码算法。根据编码空间和解锁符号序列的字长,定义了表征CMG机构编码效率的优值。利用这个物理概念清晰的优值比较两种可选的最优归一化编码方法,得到编码空间为C=3,D=N+2的第一类CMG机构是首选方法的结论。对于第一类CMG机构,最优归一化编码与先前报道的最少齿轮层数的优化编码并无不同,两者都需要最小C=3,D=N+2的编码空间,且CTG三色循环着色编码方法同样适用。应用CTG三色循环着色编码方法会在校验二维迷宫映射图中留下一个显著的指纹特征,全部CTG会被循环有规律地分配到仅三个颜色集上,也即设定的用于误码锁定的A-B复合齿轮之间的干涉将交替发生在仅三层密码齿轮上。     

γ射线对含氢正比计数管中子能谱测量的影响

通过蒙特卡罗模拟和实验测量相结合的方法,获得从50 keV～10 MeV区间射线在直径为30 mm内充1.013 25 MPa氢气的球形含氢正比计数管上的能量响应,结果显示,射线在该计数管中的能量沉积主要集中在100 keV附近及以下。Am-Be中子源和137Cs源的实验测量结果显示,强137Cs源的射线会严重影响含氢正比计数管对Am-Be中子源100 keV以下能谱的测量,这表明,裂变材料介质内的强射线同样会影响到介质内100 keV以下中子能谱的测量。根据计数管对反冲质子和电子电离信号的收集特性,采用上升时间法甄别掉本底射线是可行的。     

Characteristics of diallyl phthalate resin as a fission track detector

Diallyl phthalate (DAP) resin plates were irradiated with fission fragments, and then etched in aqueous solution of KOH. Etched tracks were observed and counted by using an optical microscope. The detection efficiency of fission fragments was about 100% for both perpendicular and random incidence. DAP plates were insensitive to alpha particles and fast neutrons. These characteristics are suitable for detecting selected fission fragments, which coexist with alpha particles or fast neutrons. DAP plates are valuable for quantitative analysis of fissionable materials and neutron dosimetry. DAP and allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) were formed into copolymers in various ratios. The copolymers showed intermediate characteristics between DAP and CR-39. The fabrication of the copolymers made it possible to control the discrimination level for detection of heavy charged particles.     

A Preliminary Test in Discriminant Analysis

One of the aims of discriminant analysis is the allocation of unknown entities to populations that are knowna priori. Considerkpopulations. LetXdenote the vector of observations on an experimental unit, whose origin is uncertain. For the general parametric case, a test is proposed to verify the hypothesis thatXis coming from a new population. The case of normal population with equal variance is fully derived.     

Exact L 2-norm plane separation

We consider the problem of separating two sets of points in an n-dimensional real space with a (hyper)plane that minimizes the sum of L _p -norm distances to the plane of points lying on the wrong side of it. Despite recent progress, practical techniques for the exact solution of cases other than the L ₁ and L _∞-norm were unavailable. We propose and implement a new approach, based on non-convex quadratic programming, for the exact solution of the L ₂-norm case. We solve in reasonable computing times artificial problems of up to 20000 points (in 6 dimensions) and 13 dimensions (with 2000 points). We also observe that, for difficult real-life instances from the UCI Repository, computation times are substantially reduced by incorporating heuristic results in the exact solution process. Finally, we compare the classification performance of the planes obtained for the L ₁, L ₂ and L _∞ formulations. It appears that, despite the fact that L ₂ formulation is computationally more expensive, it does not give significantly better results than the L ₁ and L _∞ formulations.     

A note on the ‘underadjustment phenomenon’

In recent work in the area of employment discrimination statistics we have noticed that a basic formula quantifying the degree of underadjustment bias in regression coefficients seems not to have been clearly stated and proved. We believe the underadjustment phenomenon to be of great importance in assessing the validity of multiple regression studies of wage disparities in equal employment litigation, and of observational studies involving two populations in general. Since the argument is based entirely on some simple mathematical features of the linear model, the result should be of interest in other fields of application as well.