聚氯乙烯—丁腈橡胶—氯丁橡胶三元共混物的研究

测定了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）－丁脯橡胶（ＮＢＲ－２９）－氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）三元共混物的冲击性能和应力－应变行为，用动态力分析、扫描电和透射电镜研究了共混物的相容性和形态结构。结果表明，ＮＢＲ－２９对ＰＶＣ，ＣＲ有良好的增容作用，三元共混物是部分相容的二相体系，具有良好的抗冲击性能。     

聚丙烯微孔膜基渐变聚合物的制备,结构与性能的研究

以聚丙烯微孔膜为基材，通过扩散控制原位共聚合的方法在人填充了组成沿膜的厚度方向逐渐改变的无规共聚物，Ｘ－光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）、全反射红外光谱（ＡＴＲ）以及动态粘弹谱的分析结果。说明所制备得到的合膜具有明显的渐变聚合物性质。     

Plastic deformation and performance of engineering polymer materials

The plastic deformation mechanism operating in polymer glasses is analyzed. The whole process consists of two main stages: nucleation of special shear defects, called PSTs (plastic shear transformations), and their disappearance. The important feature of plastic deformation of glasses is the storage of a large amount of internal energy ΔU_def upon straining. Such energy storage is the critical issue for mechanical performance of polymeric material: if the amount of stored energy is high, the appearance of macroscopic failure is very probable while glassy materials collecting a small amount of stored deformation energy are quite ductile. It is proposed that the rate of disappearance of PSTs is a key factor in dissipation of stored deformation energy. A parameter describing the dissipation ability of material upon deformation is introduced.     

Simultaneous analysis of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs using electrochemically controlled solid‐phase microextraction based on nanostructure molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film coupled to ion mobility spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of anti‐inflammatory drugs (naproxen, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) in diluted human serum was developed using the electrochemically controlled solid‐phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. A conducting molecularly imprinted polymer film based on polypyrrole was synthesized for the selective uptake and release of drugs. The film was prepared by incorporation of a template molecule (naproxen) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a platinum electrode using cyclic voltammetry method. The measured ion mobility spectrometry intensity was related to the concentration of analytes taken up into the films. The calibration graphs (naproxen, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) were linear in the range of 0.1–30 ng/mL and detection limits were 0.07–0.37 ng/mL and relative standard deviation was lower than 6%. On the basis of the results obtained in this work, the conducting molecularly imprinted polymer films as absorbent have been applied in the electrochemically controlled solid‐phase microextraction and ion mobility spectrometry system for the selective clean‐up and quantification of trace amounts of anti‐inflammatory drugs in human serum samples. Scanning electron microscopy has confirmed the nano‐structure morphology of the polypyrrole film.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) onto graphene oxide

The polyzwitterionic brushes comprised of poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC) segments, which are used for surface modification of polymers and biocompatible coatings, were investigated. In this work, reverse surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) of zwitterionic 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is employed to tailor the functionality of graphene oxide (GeneO) in a well‐controlled manner and produce a series of well‐defined hemocompatible hybrids (termed as GeneO‐g‐pMPC). The complexes were characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, and Raman. Results show that MPC has been coordinated on the graphene oxide sheet. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites in comparison with the neat copolymer is revealed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope images of the nanoconposite displays pMPC chains were capable of existing on GeneO sheet by RATRP. The biocompatibility properties were measured by plasma recalcification profile tests, hemolysis test, and MTT assays, respectively. The results confirm that the pMPC grafting can substantially enhance the hemocompatibility of the GeneO particles, and the GeneO‐g‐pMPC hybrids can be used as biomaterials without causing any hemolysis. With the versatility of RATRP and the excellent hemocompatibility of zwitterionic polymer chains, the GeneO‐g‐pMPC nanoparticles with desirable blood properties can be readily tailored to cater to various biomedical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Donor–acceptor (donor) polymers with differently conjugated side groups at the acceptor units for photovoltaics

Four new donor–acceptor (donor) [D–A(D)], PBDT‐PTQ, PBDT‐PTTQ, PBDT‐TQ, and PBDT‐TTQ, bearing the same backbone of alternative benzodithiophene (BDT) and quinoxaline units but with phenylene thienyl, phenylene di‐thienyl, thienyl and di‐thienyl groups (other donors), respectively, at the acceptor quinoxaline units, were designed and synthesized to investigate the impacts of the conjugated side chains at the acceptor units on the photovoltaic properties of polymers. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PBDT‐TQ:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C‐70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) and PBDT‐PTQ:PC70BM reach to 4.39 and 3.58%, respectively, which are 43 and 17% higher, respectively, than that of a reported alkylphenyl substituted polymer with the same main chain. However, the PCEs based on PBDT‐TTQ and PBDT‐PTTQ, in which an additional thiophene is added at a side chain of PBDT‐TQ and PBDT‐PTQ, respectively, decline. The mechanism how the conjugated side chains affect the performance of the PSCs is also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Tuning the frontier molecular orbital energy levels of n‐type conjugated copolymers by using angular‐shaped naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimides,and their use in all‐polymer solar cells with high open‐circuit voltages

An angular‐shaped naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) was designed and synthesized as a new building block for n‐type conjugated polymers to tune their energy levels. Three n‐type copolymers incorporating this angular‐shaped NDI as the acceptor moiety were obtained by Stille coupling reactions and had number average molecular weights of 18.7–73.0 kDa. All‐polymer bulk‐heterojunction solar cells made from blends of these polymers with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) gave a power conversion efficiency up to 0.32% and exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (V_oc) up to 0.94 V due to their relative high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels. The high V_oc of 0.94 V is higher than that of solar cells based on linear‐shaped NDI‐containing polymers (<0.6 V). The results indicate that the angular‐shaped NDI is a promising building block for constructing nonfullerene polymer acceptors for solar cells with high open‐circuit voltages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Solvent replacement to thermo‐responsive nanoparticles from long‐subchain hyperbranched PSt grafted with PNIPAM for encapsulation

Long‐subchain hyperbranched polystyrene (lsc‐hp PSt) with uniform subchain length was obtained through copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry from seesaw macromonomer of PSt having one alkynyl group anchored at the chain centre and two azido group attached to both chain ends [alkynyl‐(PSt‐N₃)₂]. After precipitation fraction, different portions of lsc‐hp PSt having narrow overall molecular weight distribution were obtained for further grafting with alkynyl‐capped poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (alkynyl‐PNIPAM), which was obtained via single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization of NIPAM with propargyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as the initiator and grafted onto the peripheral azido groups of lsc‐hp PSt via click chemistry. Thus, amphiphilic lsc‐hp PSt grafted with PNIPAM chains (lsc‐hp PSt‐g‐PNIPAM) was obtained and would have star‐like conformation in tetrahydrofuran (THF). By replacing THF with water, lsc‐hp PSt‐g‐PNIPAM was dissolved at molecular level in aqueous solution due to the hydrophilicity of PNIPAM and exhibited thermal induced shrinkage of PNIPAM arms. The water‐insoluble lsc‐hp PSt would collapse densely and could be served as a reservoir to absorb hydrophobic chemicals in aqueous solution. The influence of overall molecular weight of lsc‐hp PSt on the absorption of pyrene was studied. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Synthesis of highly monodisperse quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads by impregnation and precipitation techniques

A novel approach to the synthesis of highly monodisperse quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads by combining impregnation and precipitation techniques was reported. The monodisperse poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) beads were first synthesized by dispersion polymerization. Then, the PGMA beads were chemically modified to generate carboxyl groups, and impregnation of cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) inside the beads. Subsequently, the cadmium ions were reacted with thioacetamide to form cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots within the polymer beads. The morphology, structure, and properties of CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope, fluorescence spectrophotometer, fluorescence microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads had an average size of 1.4 μm, and were highly monodisperse. More interestingly, the CdS quantum dots distributed evenly within the polymer beads, which provide very strong fluorescence intensity. The existence of carboxyl groups on the quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads was measured quantitatively, and was found to be 0.2 mmol/g. These CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads involving functional carboxyl groups would have potential applications in biological immunoassay and photoelectronic fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013