Single InAs/GaAs quantum dots: Photocurrent and cross-sectional AFM analysis

Photocurrent (PC) spectroscopy is employed to study the carrier escape from self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a Schottky photodiode structure. As a function of the applied field, we detect a shift of the exciton ground-state transition due to the quantum-confined Stark effect (). The tunneling time, which is directly related to the observed photocurrent linewidth due to τ/(2Γ), changes by a factor of five in the photocurrent regime. The measured linewidth dependency on the electric field is modeled by a simple 1D WKB approximation for the tunneling process, which shows that the energetic position of the wetting layer is important for the measured tunneling time out of the dot. In addition to that we present cross-sectional atomic force measurements (AFM) of the investigated photodiode structure. The method needs a minimum of time and sample preparation (cleaving and etching) to obtain the dot density, dot distribution, and give an estimate of the dot dimensions. Etching only the cleaved surface of the sample opens up the opportunity to determine the properties of a buried dot layer before or even after device fabrication.     

Effect of the mediator in feedback mode-based SECM interrogation of indium tin-oxide and boron-doped diamond electrodes

Indium tin-oxide (ITO) and polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) have been examined in detail using the scanning electrochemical microscopy technique in feedback mode. For the interrogation of electrodes made from these materials, the choice of mediator has been varied. Using ferrocene methanol (FcMeOH), and approach curve experiments have been performed, and for purposes of comparison, calculations of the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rates (k _app) have been made using these data. In general, it would appear that values of k _app are affected mainly by the position of the mediator reversible potential relative to the relevant semiconductor band edge (associated with majority carriers). For both the ITO (n type) and BDD (p type) electrodes, charge transfer is impeded and values are very low when using FcMeOH and as mediators, and the use of results in the largest value of k _app. With ITO, the surface is chemically homogeneous and no variation is observed for any given mediator. Data is also presented where the potential of the ITO electrode is fixed using a ratio of the mediators and In stark contrast, the BDD electrode is quite the opposite and a range of k _app values are observed for all mediators depending on the position on the surface. Both electrode surfaces are very flat and very smooth, and hence, for BDD, variations in feedback current imply a variation in the electrochemical activity. A comparison of the feedback current where the substrate is biased and unbiased shows a surprising degree of proportionality.Dedicated to Alan, a good friend and colleague on his 60th birthday.     

菁染料J-聚集体的微观结构研究

用原子力显微镜观察了阴阳离子菁染料及对应的阴离子菁染料和阳离子菁染料吸附在立方体(100)和八面体(111)溴碘化银乳剂颗粒表面形成的J-聚集体的微观结构,得到了3种不同排列的J-聚集体结构。研究结果表明,菁染料分子在溴碘化银颗粒表面不是单层吸附,而是以一定的形状聚集在溴碘化银表面。阴阳离子菁染料形成的J-聚集体为"鱼骨"状;阴离子菁染料的J-聚集体以"卡片堆积"式排列;阳离子菁染料J-聚集体为"磁砖"式结构。     

基于软X射线谱学显微双能衬度图像的元素空间分布研究

上海光源软X射线谱学显微实验站(BL08U)可实现30nm空间分辨的元素探测功能.实验中,对样品内要标识元素的吸收边附近两个能量(E1和E2,且E1E2)分别进行扫描成像,然后将这两幅吸收图上对应像素点的光密度相比,得到的相比双能衬度图像可有效地显示该元素的空间分布信息.相对于另一种常用的相减双能衬度图像分析法,这种方法对元素空间分布的显示更为灵敏、精确,判断空间点是否含有要标识元素的阈值的定义更为简单,物理意义更为清晰.通过对聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维截面氧元素分布的测量结果的分析计算,比较了这两种分析方法的差异,验证了相比双能衬度法的有效性.该方法为快速标识样品中的微量元素提供了一种很好的新型分析手段.     

High-speed atomic force microscopy with phase-detection

In order to improve the scanning speed of tapping mode AFM, we have studied the phase-detection mode AFM with a high frequency (1.5 MHz) cantilever. The phase shifts versus tip-sample distance with different types of samples including polymer, semiconductor, and graphite were measured and the interaction forces were analyzed. It was found that the phase shift in repulsive region is nearly linear as a function of distance, which can be used for feedback control in general, except that some blunt tips cause reversed polarity of phase shift due to excessive energy dissipation. High-speed image with scan rate of 100 Hz was obtained which were controlled with phase shift as a feedback signal.     

Morphology and photoluminescence of ultrasmall size of Ge quantum dots directly grown on Si(0 0 1) substrate

High density and ultrasmall size of Ge quantum dots (QDs) have been achieved directly on Si(0 0 1) (2 × 1) reconstruction surface. Their detailed morphology was observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and shows that small pyramids, small domes, huts, and multi-headed large domes coexist in the film grown at 400 °C, while small domes and multi-headed large domes formed at 450 °C. Their low temperature photoluminescence (PL) showed that a very strong non-phonon (NP) peak with a large blue shift of 0.19 eV at 14 K, which can be attributed to their very high areal density, 5.2 × 10¹¹ cm⁻², and sub-10-nm mean size, 7.6 ± 2.3 nm.     

时间分辨电子显微镜中聚焦系统的设计

本文讨论了时间分辨电子显微镜中电子束聚焦系统的设计.设计的聚焦系统为磁聚焦双聚光镜系统.采用有限元素法计算了聚焦系统的磁场分布,用Runge-Kutta法追迹了电子的运动轨迹,并给出了当样品面上照明光斑的尺寸为设计值时双聚光镜系统的工作参数.采用该双聚光镜系统可为样品提供1μm的照明光斑,满足了时间分辨电子显微镜实现10nm的空间分辨率、100ps的时间分辨率的要求.     

一种数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜及其在竹红菌甲素研究中的应用

研制了一种可探测细胞微弱光图像的数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜，采用视频数字化增强型ＣＣＤ系统作为高灵敏度的接收系统，像增强器亮度增益为４１，０００，因而这种荧光显微镜可探测到普通荧光显微镜不能观察的微弱光图像，并可减少荧光物质的浓度和激发光的强度，减少对细胞自然生理环境的影响，数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜在给出细胞微弱荧光图像的同时，并可给出图像上每一像元的发光强度和细胞平均发光强度，使用此仪器已首次直接     

光学显微镜与CCD监视器组合的原子力显微镜

研制了一种与光学显微镜结合并配置 CCD 监视器的原子力显微镜,可同时获得样品的原子力显微镜图象及光学图象.已能分辨出5纳米的精细结构,最大扫描范围可达2μm.文中给出了本仪器获得的一些样品图象结果.     

A Monatomic Optical Near-Field Microscope with Subnanometer Spatial Resolution

We propose the principle of operation of an optical near-field microscope on the basis of linear steady-state optical dimensional resonances in the system atom-probe–atoms of the sample. It is shown that such a microscope has high sensitivity and a spatial resolution of less than 1 nm and does not set limits on the choice of samples. The distribution of the optical fields in the wave and near zones in the near-field microscope at frequencies close to the optical dimensional resonances arising as a result of dipole-dipole interactions of atoms at small distances has been investigated. The optical scheme of the monatomic near-field microscope is presented.