SiO2改性的V2O5-MoO3/ TiO2催化剂抗碱中毒性能研究

以陶瓷为骨架,用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/ TiO₂催化剂,并用SiO₂进行改性。采用浸渍法模拟碱K中毒,研究了SiO₂改性前后催化剂中毒脱硝效率的变化,并通过BET、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入SiO₂后,催化剂的比表面积明显提高。SiO₂改性后新鲜催化剂还原温度向低温方向迁移10 ℃左右,氧化还原能力得到了提高,其表面酸强度和酸量也得到较大的提高。反应评价结果表明,SiO₂改性可以提高催化剂抗碱中毒的性能。     

F-T合成催化剂羰基硫中毒热力学分析

利用热力学基础数据和相关软件对F-T合成催化剂COS中毒的热力学进行了计算。在热力学上,Ru、Fe、Co的COS中毒在F-T合成反应可以发生的条件下均是自发过程。F-T合成反应体系中10^-9级的COS即可使Ru基催化剂中的金属Ru生成RuS₂而中毒。Fe和Co毒化后生成的硫化物种类较多,对反应的热力学计算结果表明,对于不同的反应,其平衡常数的差异很大,对应中毒反应发生时,所需COS的浓度也不同。由于Fe基F-T合成催化剂活性相的复杂性,利用对催化剂相关性质的修饰开发具有一定抗硫性的铁基F-T合成催化剂是可行的;对于Co催化剂,利用F-T合成的反应特点和催化剂改性开发具有一定抗硫性催化剂也是可能的。     

铅染毒对大鼠体内钙、锌、铁元素的影响研究

Wistar大鼠每天腹腔注射醋酸铅649mg/kg,在第4周醋酸铅剂量降至329．5mg/kg,8周停止染毒。结果表明,随着铅染毒,大鼠出现高尿铅、高尿锌、高尿钙;脑、肝、肾中铁、锌、钙却都有不同程度提高,肝脏中锌、钙、铁、肾脏中锌、钙增加极明显;在8周停止染毒后,脑铅含量大幅度降低（P＜0．01）,肝脏铅却梢有上升（P＞0．05）,肾铅急剧增加,从47．9320μmol／L升至633．85μmol／L,大约上升13倍（P＜0．01）。     

景德镇市陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿铅中毒状况调查

为了解景德镇市陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿铅中毒状况，用多通道原子吸收光谱仪BH2100测定了l298名婴幼儿末梢血铅，并对陶瓷业家庭与非陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿铅中毒状况进行了比较。结果表明，陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿铅中毒发生率为66．09％，明显高于非陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿（15．96％），且随年龄增长婴幼儿铅中毒有增加趋势。提示对陶瓷业家庭婴幼儿铅中毒防治刻不容缓。     

杞枣口服液治疗儿童铅中毒的疗效观察

观察了应用杞枣口服液治疗儿童铅中毒的疗效。选择128例年龄2～14岁，血铅100～199μg/L的儿童，随机分为治疗组68例，对照组60例，于治疗前后观察临床症状改善、有益元素变化及血铅变化情况。结果表明，治疗组明显优于对照组，P〈0．05。提示杞枣口服液不仅能降血铅，还能改善临床症状，补充有益元素，无不良反应。     

On-Line Photoionization Mass Spectrometric Study on Behavior of Ammonia Poisoning on H-Form Ultra Stable Y Zeolite for Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polypropylene

In this work, pyrolysis photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Py-PI-TOFMS) was applied to study the behavior of ammonia poisoning on H-form ultra stable Y (HUSY) zeolite for the catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP). Firstly, ammonia poisoning on HUSY was performed to obtain the suitable catalysts with different strength and amounts of acid sites. Secondly, online photoionization mass spectra for the pyrolysis products of PP and HUSY with various acid strength were recorded at different pyrolysis temperatures. Finally, the formation curves of various pyrolysates of PP/HUSY with the increase of temperature were determined. Our results indicate that the formation temperatures, yields and selectivity of the pyrolysis products of PP demonstrate obvious relationship with the acid strength of HUSY.     

非晶态CeO_2@TiO_2催化剂的结构、性质及其选择催化还原脱硝性能

采用自发沉积法制备了非晶态Ce O_2@Ti O_2催化剂,通过XRD、Raman光谱、TEM、N_2吸附、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD及FTIR等手段表征了催化剂结构和表面性质,研究了Ce O_2@Ti O_2在选择催化还原脱NO反应中的催化性能。结果表明,非晶态Ce O_2@Ti O_2催化剂中Ce与Ti间存在很强的相互作用,能够在原子水平上相互结合,表现出与晶态结构截然不同的还原特性,具备更强的氧化还原能力。同时,与浸渍法制备的Ce O_2/Ti O_2相比,Ce O_2@Ti O_2还具有更大的比表面积和更强的表面酸性,因而具有更加优异的脱硝性能。在175℃下NO转化率即达到80%以上,在200-400℃脱硝率稳定在96.0%-99.4%;同时,H_2O和SO_2的阶跃应答实验表明,Ce O_2@Ti O_2具有很强的抗水和抗SO_2毒化能力。     

Enzymatic hydrolysis of esterified diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and pectenotoxins

Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins-1 and -2 (DTX1, DTX2), the toxins responsible for incidents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), can occur as complex mixtures of ester derivatives in both plankton and shellfish. Alkaline hydrolysis is usually employed to release parent OA/DTX toxins, and analyses are conducted before and after hydrolysis to determine the concentrations of nonesterified and esterified toxins. Recent research has shown that other toxins, including pectenotoxins and spirolides, can also exist as esters in shellfish, but these toxins cannot survive alkaline hydrolysis. A promising alternative approach is enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, two enzymatic methods were developed for the hydrolysis of 7-O-acyl esters, “DTX3,” and the carboxylate esters of OA, “diol-esters.” Porcine pancreatic lipase induced complete conversion of DTX3 to OA and DTXs within one hour for reference solutions. The presence of mussel tissue matrix reduced the rate of hydrolysis, but an optimized lipase concentration resulted in greater than 95% conversion within four hours. OA-diol-ester was hydrolyzed by porcine liver esterase and was completely converted to OA in less than 30 min, even in the presence of mussel tissue matrix. Esters and OA/DTX toxins were all monitored by LC–MS. Further experiments with pectenotoxin esters indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis could also be applied to esters of other toxins. Enzymatic hydrolysis has excellent potential as an alternative to the conventional alkaline hydrolysis procedure used in the preparation of shellfish samples for the analysis of toxins.     

Influence of PtMo Structure and Composition on the Adsorption Energies, Adsorption Site and Vibrational Frequency of Carbon Monoxide

Density functional theory periodic slab calculations were carried out for CO adsorption on a series of Mo modified Pt(111) surfaces to provide an insight into the interaction between CO and doped metal surface, an important issue in CO oxidation as well as in promotion and poisoning effects of catalysis. The modification of adsorption properties with respect to those of adsorption on the pure Mo(110) and Pt(111) is described in terms of changes in the adsorption energies, adsorption sites and vibrational properties occurring upon alloying. We believe that the present DFT calculations can provide important information into optimal alloy composition for CO-tolerance, which is not easily obtained by experimental methods.