Improving image quality of diagnostic ultrasound by using the safe use time model with the dynamic safety factor and the effect of the exposure time on the image quality

Resolution and penetration are primary criteria for image quality of diagnostic ultrasound. In theory (and usually in practice), the maximum depth of imaging in a tissue increases as power (pressure) is increased. Alternatively, at a particular effective penetration, an increased power may be used to allow a higher ultrasound frequency for higher resolution and tissue contrast. Recently, Karagoz and Kartal [29] proposed a safety parameter for thermal bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound; that is, SUT (safe use time). The SUT model is constructed to determine how long one piece of tissue can be insonated safely according to a threshold exposure. Also, Karagoz and Kartal [29] suggested that an increase in acoustic intensity beyond the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of intensity can be theoretically possible by using SUT model while staying within the safe limit. The present study was motivated particularly by the goals of higher resolution and/or deeper penetration by using SUT model. The results presented here suggest that the safe use of higher exposure levels than currently allowed by the FDA may be possible for obtaining substantial improvements in penetration depth and/or resolution. Also, the study reveals that image quality can be functionally related to exposure time in addition to acoustic energy and frequency.     

正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法

为验证正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法在提取光斑高频组分、扩展CCD测量动态范围和减小光束质量测量误差等诸方面的有效性,以常用的光束质量因子作为衡量新方法有效性的指标,建立离焦光斑强度分布理论模型并搭建相应的实验平台进行实验验证。验证结果表明:新方法与传统远场测量方案相比,使实验所用CCD的测量动态范围拓展了约9倍,实际光斑远离中心主核区域的大量高频旁瓣分布特征从CCD背景噪声起伏中凸显出来,光束质量因子的测量平均相对误差也有约16%的精度改善。     

由七位日本诺贝尔物理学奖获得者引发的一些思考

对7位日本诺贝尔物理学奖获得者进行了系统的介绍与分析,可为我们提供一些启示.     

二维随机体系中长寿命模的研究

用时域有限差分法求解Maxwell方程,数值研究了TM模在二维随机散射体系中传输,通过傅里叶变换得到不同几何参量和光学参量的散射体系内长寿命模的频谱。计算得出宽带脉冲源激励随机散射体系后,存在于随机体系中的长寿命模频谱以分立频率窗口的形式存在。建立了用以解释长寿命模以分立频率窗口存在的物理模型,该模型与数值研究结果吻合较好,论证了存在于随机散射体系中长寿命模的形成机制与传统光学谐振腔内冷腔模形成机制的相似性。     

金融动力学的时空关联与大波动特性——兼谈中西方金融市场的对比研究

文章扼要地评述了金融物理学研究进展,介绍了文章作者在金融动力学时空关联方面的最新研究成果,特别关注中西方金融市场的对比研究.唯象理论研究表明,西方金融市场的价格收益率和波动率的时间关联显示杠杆效应,而中国金融市场则显示反杠杆效应;一种价格收益率和波动率的反馈相互作用可以解释杠杆和反杠杆效应的起源.西方金融市场的个体股票价格的交叉关联呈现标准的行业板块结构,而中国金融市场展示的是一种特殊的板块结构,如"ST板块"和"蓝筹板块"等.股票价格大波动可分为动力学内部产生的和外部事件诱导的两大类.金融动力学的时间反演不对称性,主要来源于外部事件诱导的大波动.     

便携式指纹考勤信息管理系统设计

指纹识别技术是近年来应用最广泛的一种生物识别应用技术。结合该技术与当前高等教育的改革热点,本文设计了一个基于指纹识别的便携式信息管理系统。使教学互动环节不仅涵盖了基本的教师与学生的通知公告,而且涵盖了深层次的教师与学生及其家长的相互沟通、分析课程学习的优缺点、有针对性的提出各课程学习的良好建议等。系统硬件采用ARM M3处理器、指纹采集传感器、2.8寸液晶屏以及GPRS模块等,系统软件采用UCOSII操作系统。实现了课堂教学的实时考勤,统计班年级课程的平时、期中小考及期末终考成绩,分析学生的学习表现,并对师生提出教学、学习及提高教学质量的良好建议。本设计对其它考勤应用及教育领域具有一定的参考价值。     

Comparative study on the propagation performance of coherently combined and incoherently combined beams

Taking phase error, turbulent atmosphere, jitter, vacancy factor and tilt error into consideration, we propose a general propagation formula for both coherent and incoherent combined beams with different kinds of aberrations. Comparative study on the propagation performance of coherent and incoherent combined beams is presented. Beam propagation factor (BPF) defined as laser output power in a specified far-field bucket divided by the total output power radiating from the effective near-field exit aperture of the laser beam is introduced as the beam quality factor to give a quantitative study. It is revealed that the coherent combined beam has great advantage when propagating in free-space compared with the incoherent combined beams. However, the coherent combined beam is more sensitive to the environmental aberrations, and the beam quality degrades faster with an increase in the aberrations’ intensity. Scintillation index as the high moments of the combined intensity field is also studied. It is revealed that both coherent and incoherent combined beams exhibit less scintillations compared with a single-aperture beam, and the incoherent combined beam demonstrates better scintillations reducing the performance. Our methodology offers an all-round performance evaluation on the two kinds of laser systems.     

Comparative atomistic and coarse-grained study of water: What do we lose by coarse-graining?

We employ the inverse Boltzmann method to coarse-grain three commonly used three-site water models (TIP3P, SPC and SPC/E) where one molecule is replaced with one coarse-grained particle with isotropic two-body interactions only. The shape of the coarse-grained potentials is dominated by the ratio of two lengths, which can be rationalized by the geometric constraints of the water clusters. It is shown that for simple two-body potentials either the radial distribution function or the geometrical packing can be optimized. In a similar way, as needed for multiscale methods, either the pressure or the compressibility can be fitted to the all atom liquid. In total, a speed-up by a factor of about 50 in computational time can be reached by this coarse-graining procedure.     

大学物理实验实施探究式教学的探索

针对传统大学物理实验教学中的利弊,在探究式教学理念指导下,通过对传统大学物理实验项目进行教学设计而开展探究式教学。实践证明把探究教学运用于大学物理实验教学,有利于培养学生进行科学探究的能力和对科学探究的理解力,提高实验教学质量。