Oxidized Hemithioindigo Photoswitches—Influence of Oxidation State on (Photo)physical and Photochemical Properties

The photophysical and photochemical properties of sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives of hemithioindigo photoswitches are scrutinized and compared to the unoxidized parent chromophores. Oxidation results in significantly blue-shifted absorptions and mostly reduction of photochromism while thermal stabilities of individual isomers remain largely unaltered. Effective photoswitching takes place at shorter wavelengths compared to parent hemithioindigos and high isomeric yields can be obtained reversibly in the respective photostationary states. Reversible solid-state photoswitching is observed for a twisted sulfone derivative accompanied by visible color changes. These results establish oxidized hemithioindigo photoswitches as promising and versatile tools for robust light-control of molecular behavior for a wide range of applications.     

基于蓝墨云班课的“物理化学实验”微课设计与应用*

为解决物理化学实验教学中存在的问题,以蓝墨云班课为教学平台,利用微课资源,采用翻转课堂和传统教学有机结合的教学方式,进行教学改革,详细介绍了物理化学实验微课的设计、应用及效果分析。教学实践表明,教改后的教学模式有效激发了学生的学习积极性,提升了教学效率和效果。     

多模态教学模式在“食品理化检验”中的应用

基于学生自主学习能力的培养,为更好地帮助并引导学生理解晦涩难懂、枯燥抽象的知识点,以我校卫生检验与检疫专业65名学生为研究对象,将食品理化检验课程的部分章节内容采用多模态教学模式,其余内容采用传统讲授教学模式,课程结束后使用统一问卷进行调查,对多模态教学效果进行评价。结果表明2种教学模式在理解抽象实验技术或仪器、活跃课堂气氛、拓宽学习思路以及培养学习兴趣、自主学习能力和解决实际问题能力等方面均有统计学差异(p＜0.05),且有95%的学生建议继续采用多模态教学模式。教学实践及其效果评价证明多模态教学对理解抽象问题等有一定的促进作用,并可唤起学生学习兴趣、培养学生解决实际问题的能力、拓宽学习思路等。     

案例教学与翻转学习结合提升物理化学教学质量

结合我校应用型人才培养方案和培养目标,通过改革物理化学课堂教学提高学生知识掌握能力和应用能力。在传统课堂的基础上,将案例教学结合在翻转学习的教学过程中,充分提高学生的学习积极性与主动性。以稀溶液的依数性为教学案例,阐述翻转学习与案例教学的实施过程。学生深度参与课堂、融入课堂并互动,师生之间在教学中达到共鸣,实现教学相长,从而提高物理化学教学质量。     

Active and Unidirectional Acceleration of Biaryl Rotation by a Molecular Motor

Light‐driven molecular motors possess immense potential as central driving units for future nanotechnology. Integration into larger molecular setups and transduction of their mechanical motions represents the current frontier of research. Herein we report on an integrated molecular machine setup allowing the transmission of potential energy from a motor unit onto a remote receiving entity. The setup consists of a motor unit connected covalently to a distant and sterically encumbered biaryl receiver. By action of the motor unit, single‐bond rotation of the receiver is strongly accelerated and forced to proceed unidirectionally. The transmitted potential energy is directly measured as the extent to which energy degeneration is lifted in the thermal atropisomerization of this biaryl. Energy degeneracy is reduced by more than 1.5 kcal mol^?1, and rate accelerations of several orders of magnitude in terms of the rate constants are achieved.     

Enthalpy relaxation in a partially cured epoxy resin

The enthalpy relaxation of a partially cured (70%) epoxy resin, derived from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A cured by methyl-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride with accelerator, has been investigated. The key parameters of the structural relaxation (the apparent activation energy Δh*, the nonlinearity parameter x, and the nonexponentiality parameter β) are compared with those of the fully cured epoxy resin. The aging rates, characterized by the dependences of the enthalpy loss and peak temperature on log(annealing time), are greater in the partially cured epoxy than they are in the fully cured resin at an equivalent aging temperature (T_a = T_g − 20°C). There is a significant reduction in Δh*, from 1100 kJ mol⁻¹ for the fully cured system to 615 kJ mol⁻¹, as the degree of cure is reduced. The parameter x determined by the peak-shift method appears essentially independent of the degree of cure (x = 0.41 ± 0.03 for the partially cured resin compared with 0.42 ± 0.03 obtained previously for the fully cured resin), and does not follow the usually observed correlation of increasing x as Δh* decreases. This invariability of the parameter x seems to indicate that it is determined essentially by the local chemical structure of the backbone chain, and rather little by the supramolecular structure. On the other hand, the estimated nonexponentiality parameter β lies between 0.3 and 0.456, which is significantly lower than in the fully cured epoxy (β ≅ 0.5), indicative of a broadening of the distribution of relaxation times as the degree of cross-linking is reduced. Like the parameter x, this also does not follow the usual correlation with Δh*. These results are discussed in the framework of strong and fragile behavior of glass-forming systems, but it is difficult to reconcile these results in any simple way with the concept of strength and fragility. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

“Butterfly”-like patterns of triblock copolymer gels as observed by small-angle neutron scattering

At high (150-1000%) stretching of a physical gel of a triblock copolymer a “butterfly”-type scattering pattern is observed with a pronounced scattering-free strip perpendicular to the stretching direction. The phenomenon is attributed to the cluster character of the physical network in the gel. Stretching brings endblock domains (junction points of the network) closer to each other in the direction perpendicular to the stretching and leads to formation of a layered structure. High connectivity of the network inside the clusters leads to saturation of the deformation within the clusters as manifested by the scattering-free region in the SANS pattern. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

大尺寸电阻加热式碳化硅晶体生长热场设计与优化

大尺寸低缺陷碳化硅(SiC)单晶体是功率器件和射频(RF)器件的重要基础材料,物理气相传输(physical vapor transport, PVT)法是目前生长大尺寸SiC单晶体的主要方法。获得大尺寸高品质晶体的核心是通过调节组分、温度、压力实现气相组分在晶体生长界面均匀定向结晶,同时尽可能减小晶体的热应力。本文对电阻加热式8英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)碳化硅大尺寸晶体生长系统展开热场设计研究。首先建立描述碳化硅原料受热分解热质输运及其多孔结构演变、系统热输运的物理和数学模型,进而使用数值模拟方法研究加热器位置、加热器功率和辐射孔径对温度分布的影响及其规律,并优化热场结构。数值模拟结果显示,通过优化散热孔形状、保温棉的结构等设计参数,电阻加热式大尺寸晶体生长系统在晶锭厚度变化、多孔介质原料消耗的情况下均能达到较低的晶体横向温度梯度和较高的纵向温度梯度。     

PVT法氮化铝晶体铝面、氮面生长对比分析

在氮气环境下用PVT方法生长氮化铝过程中,氮面和铝面由于表面化学性质不同,生长的主要化学反应速度存在差异。原子在生长表面的迁移能力不同造成单晶表面生长方式差异较大。在基本相同条件下(生长温度、生长温差、生长气压、类似的籽晶、同一台生长设备)进行了铝、氮面氮化铝单晶晶体生长。为了更明显地表现铝氮面的差异,将同一片籽晶分为两半,翻转其中一半让铝氮面同时生长。铝面生长较好的区域形成了明显的晶畴,而氮面生长时生长较好的部分出现了明显的生长台阶,并出现了晶畴边界被生长台阶湮灭的生长现象,进一步通过AFM观测到铝面生长台阶平整但被缺陷所阻隔,晶畴发育明显为各晶畴独立生长。氮面生长台阶没有铝面规则但连续性较强,在原来晶畴边界位置也出现了连续的生长台阶(或台阶簇)。所以籽晶质量不高时氮面生长更容易提高晶体质量,后续的XRD测量结果也证明了氮面生长后的晶体质量明显高于铝面生长的晶体质量。     

光斜入射时偏振器作用的表述

对偏振器特性的分析表明,当光斜入射时,振动方向与偏振器透光轴不平行的光也能通过偏振器,只要该方向与系统光轴与透光轴构成的平面平行。提出了透光平面的概念。利用欧拉角表示光波坐标系和偏振器坐标系之间的变换,得到透过偏振器后偏振光的振动方向及其大小的数学表述,给出了简化表达式及其使用条件。表达式具有一般性,可以直接使用。