Detection of Mn pinned level in Cd1−x Mn x Se monocrystals by the photoconductivity technique

Summary The photoconductivity of the magnetic semiconductor compound Cd_1−x Mn _x Se has been studied at 300 K and at 77K for the first time for several Bridgman-grown single crystals. With this technique it was possible to detect the Mn 3d level. Experimental data found in this investigation reveal that the Mn 3d level is pinned at 1.9 eV below the bottom of the conduction band,i.e. it is independent of temperature and insensitive to the amount of manganese. Paper presented at the ?V International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds?, held in Cagliari, September 14–16, 1982.     

Photoconductivity of Cu x Ag1−x Cd2InTe4

Summary The prominent photoelectric parameters of the semiconducting solid solutions Cu _x Ag_1−x Cd₂InTe₄ are reported. From the spectral dependence of photoconductivity at room temperature and at 77 K the energy gaps and their thermal coefficients are obtained. The detectivityD ^*, the photocurrent gainG and the carrier lifetime are measured and the carrier mobility is deduced. In order to improve theD ^* characteristics, the analysis of its parameters is also performed. Paper presented at the ?V International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds?, held in Cagliari, September 14–16, 1982.     

Rational Design of Poly(2,7‐Carbazole) Derivatives for Photovoltaic Applications

A reliable model that can be used to estimate the electronic properties (i.e., the HOMO, LUMO, and band gap energies) of conjugated polymers would be a great tool for applications in organic electronics such as light‐emitting diodes, field‐effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells. Recently, poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives have shown promising results when used as an active donor layer in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with power conversion efficiency exceeding 7%. By using a simple correlation between density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations performed on six model compounds (using the repeating unit) and experimental data from the six corresponding polymers, an accurate estimation of the HOMO energy level, the LUMO energy levels, and the band gap of several poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives was obtained. According to the theoretical data obtained for more than one hundred repeating units, fourteen new copolymers that can be used as p‐type materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells were selected and synthesized. Experimental data obtained from these materials were then used to refine the correlation between DFT and experimental data of poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives.

     

Eine Dichtigkeitsprüfanlage für Halbleiterbauelemente auf der Grundlage von 85Kr

Auf der Basis von ⁸⁵Kr wurde ein Prüfstand für die routinemäßge Dichtigkeitsprüfung von Halbleiterbauelementen entwickelt und gebaut. Die Anlage arbeitet mit einer Aktivkohlepumpe und ist für einen Maximaldruck ion 13 kp/cm² und eine Maximalaktivität von 40Ci⁸⁵Kr ausgelegt. Es werden einige theoretische Angaben zur Methode gemacht und der Auf ban sowie die Funktionsweise des Prüfstandes beschrieben. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Methoden verglichen.     

Effect of branched alkyl side chains on the performance of thin‐film transistors and photovoltaic cells fabricated with isoindigo‐based conjugated polymers

New isoindigo and di(thienyl)ethylene‐containing π‐extended conjugated polymers with different branched side chains were synthesized to investigate their physical properties and device performance in thin‐film transistors and photovoltaic cells. 11‐Butyltricosane (S3) and 11‐heptyltricosane (S6) groups were used as side‐chain moieties tethered to isoindigo units. The linking groups between the polymer backbone and bifurcation point in the branched side chain differ in the two polymers (i.e., PIDTE‐S3 and PIDTE‐S6 ). The polymers bearing S6 side chains showed much better charge transport behavior than those with S3 side chains. Thermally annealed PIDTE‐S6 film exhibited an outstanding hole mobility of 4.07 cm² V^?1 s^?1 under ambient conditions. Furthermore, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells made from a blend film of PIDTE‐S3 and (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester demonstrated promising device performance with a power conversion efficiency in the range of 4.9–5.0%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 2015 , 53, 1226–1234     

A Photoferroelectric Perovskite‐Type Organometallic Halide with Exceptional Anisotropy of Bulk Photovoltaic Effects

Perovskite‐type ferroelectrics composed of organometallic halides are emerging as a promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices because of their unique photovoltaic effects (PVEs). A new layered perovskite‐type photoferroelectric, bis(cyclohexylaminium) tetrabromo lead ( 1 ), is presented. The material exhibits an exceptional anisotropy of bulk PVEs. Upon photoexcitation, superior photovoltaic behaviors are created along its inorganic layers, which are composed of corner‐sharing PbBr₆ octahedra. Semiconducting activity with remarkable photoconductivity is achieved in the vertical direction, showing sizeable on/off current ratios (>10⁴), which compete with the most active photovoltaic material CH₃NH₃PbI₃. In 1 the temperature‐dependence of photovoltage coincides fairly well with that of polarization, confirming the dominant role of ferroelectricity in such highly anisotropic PVEs. This finding sheds light on bulk PVEs in ferroelectric materials, and promotes their application in optoelectronic devices.     

Synthesis of a BDT-based small-molecule acceptor with dye end groups for organic photovoltaic cell application

ABSTRACT

An acceptor-donor-acceptor (A–D–A)-type small molecule, BDT-IN, having a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit as its electron-donating core (D) and an 1,3-indanedione (IN) unit as its electron-withdrawing end group (A), was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation. The BDT-IN film showed broader UV absorption with a greater red shift (λ_max = 622 nm) than that of the BDT-IN solution (λ_max = 570 nm). The organic photovoltaic cells were fabricated with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/poly(3-hexylthiophene): BDT-IN/LiF/Al configuration, and showed a power conversion efficiency of 0.23%.     

Photovoltaic properties of tetracene and pentacene layers

Photovoltaic phenomenon in tetracene and pentacene layers evaporated under the same conditions onto a glass substrate and provided with the same couple of electrodes is investigated. Comparison of the results obtained for both organic materials makes it possible to conclude that in spite of differences in mechanisms of charge carrier generation, the values of photovoltaic parameters are very similar.     

聚合物光伏材料与器件研究进展

高效率的聚合物太阳电池依赖于光吸收活性层材料对太阳光能量的充分利用．电极界面材料将光吸收活性层产生的空穴和电子分别快速高效地抽取到阳极和阴极,并通过进一步改进光伏器件的结构提升能量转换效率和稳定性．本课题组在光吸收活性层中新型聚合物给体材料、新型电极界面材料、利用水／醇性电极界面材料制作新型倒装器件结构的太阳电池方面取得重要进展,推动了太阳电池在能量转换效率和稳定性方面的突破．