Low-amplitude Screening-photovoltaic Spatial Solitons in Biased Photovoltaic Photorefractive Crystals

The low-amplitude spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic photorefractive crystals are investigated theoretically. The analytical solutions for both the bright and the dark low-amplitude screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals are obtained. The expressions for the width of these solitons are given. The explicit expressions for the spatial deflection and angular deviation of the bright low-amplitude screening-photovoltaic spatial soliton are also presented by taking into account the effect of diffusion.     

缓冲夹层影响异质结有机光伏器件性能研究

制备了结构为CuPc/缓冲层/C₆₀异质结的有机光伏器件,分别选用三氧化钼和红荧烯为缓冲层,研究了增加缓冲层对器件性能的影响.结果表明,增加三氧化钼和红荧烯缓冲层后器件的开路电压和光电转换效率都得到提高,器件的短路电流密度和填充因子都有所降低.开路电压从没有缓冲层时的0.39 V分别提高到0.58 V、0.55 V,转换效率从0.36%提高到0.44%,短路电流从1.92 mA/cm²分别降低到1.77 mA/cm²、1.81 mA/cm²,填充因子从0.48分别减少到0.43、0.44.进一步研究表明器件的短路电流密度受缓冲层厚度的影响很大,当缓冲层厚度很小时,器件短路电流密度还有所增加,但随着缓冲层厚度的增加,短路电流密度逐渐减小,当缓冲层厚度为10 nm时,器件短路电流密度减少到0.35 mA/cm².开路电压随着厚度的增加逐渐增加,从1 nm时的0.43 V增加10 nm时0.63 V.根据整数电荷转移模型和界面能级理论解释有机光伏器件开路电压提高以及短路电流密度减少的原因,为有机太阳能电池性能的改善提供了研究方法.     

基于光子晶体的一维位置敏感探测器

位置敏感探测器（PSD）是基于半导体的横向光电效应的光电转换器件。根据横向光电效应的原理,增强光生载流子的寿命可提高光生载流子的扩散长度,从而实现横向光电效应的增强。利用缺陷和完整光子晶体设计了一维位置敏感探测器,并用传输矩阵法计算了缺陷光子晶体的透射率和完整光子晶体的反射率。从所设计的位置敏感探测器对入射光的响应理论研究表明,提高缺陷光子晶体的透射率和完整光子晶体的反射率可提高光生载流子的寿命,从而实现增强位置敏感探测器的横向光电效应。     

非相干辐照对LiNbO3:Fe晶体光折变非线性的影响与控制作用

研究了非相干辐照对LiNbO3:Fe晶体中从自散焦到自聚焦的动态转换过程的影响和控制作用.无论是从前向还是从背向加入非相干辐照，都能加快自散焦、自聚焦过程以及从自散焦到自聚焦的转换过程，增大折射率的变化值.当非相干辐照以一定的时间间隔重复辐照在晶体上时，透射功率能迅速地上升和下降，具有明显的开关效应.这种在非相干辐照控制下折射率的迅速改变有望应用于全光学开关器件. 关键词： 非相干辐照 光伏效应 自散焦 自聚焦     

描述光伏效应的新解析模型

 对陆启生等人提出的描述光伏效应的解析模型涉及的边界条件进行了讨论，提出了一个适用性更宽的解析模型。通过对新模型、陆的模型以及另一个解析模型的比较，对前两个模型能够描述光伏型光电探测器在强光辐照时的信号饱和效应的原因进行了解释。     

Photocurrent analysis of organic photovoltaic cells based on CuPc/C60 with Alq3 as a buffer layer

The performance of an organic photovoltaic(OPV) cell based on copper phthalocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(Alq3) buffer layer has been investigated.It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the device was 1.51% under illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm2,which was limited by a squareroot dependence of the photocurrent on voltage.The photocurrent-optical power density characteristics showed that the OPV cell had a significant space-charge limited photocurrent with a varied saturation voltage and a three quarters power dependence on optical power density.Also,the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer,and the results showed that the additional Alq3 layer has a minor effect on photocurrent generation.     

Efficient organic photovoltaic cells based on thiazolothiazole and benzodithiophene copolymers with π‐conjugated bridges

New donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type conjugated copolymers, poly[(4,8‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole)] (PBDT‐tTz), and poly[(4,8‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(6‐octylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole)] (PBDT‐ttTz) were synthesized and characterized with the aim of investigating their potential applicability to organic photovoltaic active materials. While copolymer PBDT‐tTz showed a zigzagged non‐linear structure by thiophene π‐bridges, PBDT‐ttTz had a linear molecular structure with thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene π‐bridges. The optical, electrochemical, morphological, and photovoltaic properties of PBDT‐tTz and PBDT‐ttTz were systematically investigated. Furthermore, bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated by using the synthesized polymers as p‐type donors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester as an n‐type acceptor. PBDT‐ttTz showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.21% as a result of the extended conjugation arising from the thienothiophene π‐bridges and enhanced molecular ordering in the film state, while PBDT‐tTz showed a relatively lower PCE of 2.92% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW/cm²). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1978–1988     

金纳米四面体增强有机太阳电池光吸收及光伏性能研究

为增强有机太阳能电池的光利用率,提高能量转换效率,本文合成了金四面体形状的纳米粒子,并用聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)包裹形成了核壳结构的金纳米四面体(Au@PSS tetrahedra NPs).将其掺杂到有机太阳能电池空穴提取层与活性层的界面处,利用表面等离子体共振效应来增强活性层对光的吸收,从而提高有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率.研究了掺杂浓度和PSS包裹厚度对电池性能的影响.结果表明:掺杂浓度为6%时,器件性能最佳,能量转换效率达到3.08%; PSS壳层厚度优化为2.5 nm时,转换效率达到3.65%,较标准电池提升了22.9%.电池性能的改善主要源于金四面体纳米粒子的共振吸收峰位于给体材料吸收谱范围内,纳米粒子的共振促进了给体的吸收,同时PSS壳层的引入促进了激子的解离和电荷的转移,上述因素的改善提升了电池的短路电流、填充因子和转换效率.     

基于窄带隙聚合物的高性能可见-近红外光伏探测器

聚合物光伏探测器是一种极具应用前景的新型光电探测器件.研究了基于窄带隙聚合物的高性能可见-近红外光伏探测器,结果表明,所制备的光伏探测器在可见至近红外光谱范围内具有宽的光谱响应(380—960 nm)、出色的响应度(840 nm时达到380 mA/W)和归一化探测度;同时,器件在暗态反偏条件下的能级示意图揭示了器件内平均电场较低是较厚光敏层器件具有低噪声电流的主要原因.电容-电压与时间周期性响应曲线研究表明聚合物光伏探测器具有快速的响应能力和良好的周期重复性.     

使用分子量级前躯体制备CuInSe_2及其合金并应应用用于光伏发电(英文)

黄铜矿铜铟硒化合物CuInSe2及其与硫或嫁的合金CuIn(Se,S)2或CuInGa(Se,S)2,即所说的CIGS,已通过20%的实验室规模器件光电转换效率展示了其地面光伏应用的巨大潜力。为了减少初始资金成本,提高材料利用率,科研工作者们已经尝试了许多努力通过非真空制程沉积CIGS。这些制程包括电镀工艺,基于颗粒(浆或纳米颗粒)的制程和基于分子量级前趋体的制程。原则上,分子量级前趋体可以使组分元素达到充分混合,可以最大程度地实现组份在基板不同区域的均一分布。这对于一个复杂的涉及到五个主要元素的化合物系统尤为重要。从这个角度来看,分子前趋体的方法具有大面积均匀沉积铜铟镓硒的巨大潜力。这篇综述将着重讨论使用分子前趋体沉积铜铟镓硒制程的最新发展。