位错偶极子和Ⅲ型界面裂纹的干涉效应

研究了多晶体材料中螺型位错偶极子和界面裂纹的弹性干涉作用.利用复变函数方法,得到了该问题复势函数的封闭形式解答.求出了由位错偶极子诱导的应力场和裂纹尖端应力强度应子,分析了偶极子的方向,偶臂和位置以及材料失配对应力强度因子的影响.推导了作用在螺型位错偶极子中心的像力和力偶矩,并讨论了界面裂纹几何条件和不同材料特征组合对位错偶极子平衡位置的影响规律.结果表明,裂纹尖端的螺型位错偶极子对应力强度因子会产生强烈的屏蔽或反屏蔽效应.同时,界面裂纹对螺型位错偶极子在材料中运动有很强的扰动作用.     

A PENNY-SHAPED CRACK IN A MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC LAYER UNDER RADIAL SHEAR IMPACT LOADING

This paper analyzes the dynamic magnetoelectroelastic behavior induced by a penny- shaped crack in a magnetoelectroelastic layer.The crack surfaces are subjected to only radial shear impact loading.The Laplace and Hankel transform techniques are employed to reduce the prob- lem to solving a Fredholm integral equation.The dynamic stress intensity factor is obtained and numerically calculated for different layer heights.And the corresponding static solution is given by simple analysis.It is seen that the dynamic stress intensity factor for cracks in a magnetoelec- troelastic layer has the same expression as that in a purely elastic material.And the influences of layer height on both the dynamic and static stress intensity factors are insignificant as h/a>2.     

相干梯度敏感干涉测量技术及在静态断裂力学实验中的应用

介绍了相干梯度敏感(CGS)干涉测量技术的基本原理及其在静态Ⅰ型断裂实验中的应用,验证了该方法对裂纹尖端局部变形场和断裂特性进行定量研究的可行性。给出了代表静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端奇异场光力学信息的CGS控制方程,模拟并分析了Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的CGS条纹模式,对静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端变形场和断裂特性进行了三点弯曲的CGS试验,并提取了应力强度因子KⅠ。结果表明,试验结果与理论分析结果相吻合。     

悬臂梁中开闭裂纹的损伤识别

利用裂纹诱导弦挠度函数,建立了悬臂Euler-Bernoulli中开闭裂纹位置、深度、初始张开角等损伤参数的识别方法.为此,首先将梁中开闭裂纹等效为单向扭转弹簧,给出了考虑裂纹缝隙效应的裂纹梁等效抗弯刚度,并得到悬臂Euler-Bernoulli开闭裂纹梁弯曲挠度的显式闭合解及裂纹诱导弦挠度函数,证明了裂纹诱导弦挠度的...     

航空导管弯曲试验的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命

飞行器液压导管受接头和卡箍等约束,在使用的振动环境中,会因弯曲应力而导致破裂,影响到飞行安全．本文对飞行器液压系统通用的不锈钢导管的裂纹萌生寿命进行了试验研究．首先在对8 mm、12 mm 无缺陷导管和含U 型缺口8 mm 导管的疲劳试验和有限元分析的基础上,得到了导管的最大拉应变-裂纹萌生寿命数据．然后采用基于强度极限和弹性模量估算法的Manson-Coffin 公式来预测导管裂纹萌生寿命．最后引入加载类型修正系数、表面质量修正系数、试样尺寸修正系数、应力集中敏感系数和有效应力集中系数,使修正后的公式对三种类型的导管均有较好的裂纹萌生寿命预测精度．     

孔洞裂纹问题的一种数值方法

研究孔洞与裂纹的相互作用问题,通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多孔洞多裂纹的一般体系,将原问题分解为承受远处载荷不含裂纹不含孔洞的均匀问题,和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上和孔洞表面上承受面力的多孔洞多裂纹问题.于是,以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考虑后者来解决,而利用笔者提出的杂交位移不连续法,这种多孔洞多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的.算例说明该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中孔洞与裂纹的相互作用既简单又有效.     

蒸汽相转化法原位诱导沸石化制备Y-ZSM-5双沸石复合物

针对Y型沸石在ZSM-5沸石干胶制备及晶化过程中易于溶解、坍塌的问题,采用葡萄糖在水热处理条件下对Y沸石进行包膜处理,提高了Y沸石在高温、高碱度环境中的稳定性,并采用蒸汽相转化法制备了同时含有Y和ZSM-5的双沸石复合物。对影响沸石复合物形成的因素如Y沸石表面碳包膜改性、凝胶碱度、晶化时间等进行了详细讨论。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）、N₂吸附-脱附,能谱（EDS）以及NH₃-TPD等手段对制备的材料进行了表征。结果表明通过蒸汽相转化法能获得Y和ZSM-5两相共存的双沸石复合物,产物中的ZSM-5沸石相前驱体随蒸汽处理时间的延长逐渐从蠕虫状无定型向纳米多晶ZSM-5沸石转变,纳米多晶聚集体与Y型沸石晶粒之间紧密相连,相互包埋。在异丙苯催化裂化反应中,合成的沸石复合物的活性和稳定性介于Y和ZSM-5之间,优于对应的机械混合物。     

制动器管裂纹原因分析

重型汽车制动器管在潮湿的环境中使用时发生破裂,采用化学成分分析、力学性能试验、断口分析和金相分析等方法对破裂的制动器管进行分析.结果表明,制动器管的裂纹主要产生于存在加工应力的弯曲部位,应力腐蚀是造成其破裂的主要原因.同时在选材方面提出建议.     

On unilateral contact of two plates aligned at an angle to each other

The contact problem for two elastic plates aligned at a prescribed angle to each other is considered. The set of contact points is assumed to be unknown in advance and to be determined only after the problem is solved. Various formulations of the problem are given, and their equivalence is proved. A complete set of boundary conditions fulfilled on the contact domain is found, and the character of satisfaction of these conditions is described. The asymptotic properties of solutions are studied for rigidity parameters of the contacting plates tending to infinity. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 42–58, July–August, 2008.     

SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc.