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81.
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enables high‐sensitivity solution‐phase NMR experiments on long‐lived nuclear spin species such as 15N and 13C. This report explores certain features arising in solution‐state 1H NMR upon polarizing low‐γ nuclear species. Following solid‐state hyperpolarization of both 13C and 1H, solution‐phase 1H NMR experiments on dissolved samples revealed transient effects, whereby peaks arising from protons bonded to the naturally occurring 13C nuclei appeared larger than the typically dominant 12C‐bonded 1H resonances. This enhancement of the satellite peaks was examined in detail with respect to a variety of mechanisms that could potentially explain this observation. Both two‐ and three‐spin phenomena active in the solid state could lead to this kind of effect; still, experimental observations revealed that the enhancement originates from 13C→1H polarization‐transfer processes active in the liquid state. Kinetic equations based on modified heteronuclear cross‐relaxation models were examined, and found to well describe the distinct patterns of growth and decay shown by the 13C‐bound 1H NMR satellite resonances. The dynamics of these novel cross‐relaxation phenomena were determined, and their potential usefulness as tools for investigating hyperpolarized ensembles and for obtaining enhanced‐sensitivity 1H NMR traces was explored. 相似文献
82.
Zhanping Li Lixia Zhao Bing Xiong Runlong Fan Dunyi Liu Liangzhen Cha 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2020,52(5):249-255
Mass resolution is a very important parameter for mass spectrometry. It is necessary to compare the mass resolution between the newly developed TOF-SIMS and the conventionally high-performance magnetic SIMS. However, the definitions of mass resolution for these two types of instruments are quite different. Whether it is possible to compare mass resolution and how to do such comparison is a challenge. This problem was raised officially during the 2012 ISO/TC 201 meeting at Tampa, Florida, the United States and the long-term cooperation with ISO started afterwards. The definition of mass resolution is one of the most important and fundamental problems for mass spectrometry and should attract significant attention. Here, some detail discussions on mass resolution as well as the related experimental studies in the past few years, including the collaborations with ISO/TC 201/SC6 and SC1 are summarized. This summary covers the common problem for almost all the current existing and still used definitions of mass resolution. A reasonable new definition for mass resolution considering the peak shape or resolution function has been proposed, which has also been confirmed by using experimental studies of the mass resolution comparison between TOF and magnetic SIMS. This study lays a foundation for the future mass resolution comparisons between different mass spectrometry. 相似文献
83.
Grzegorz Greczynski Lars Hultman 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(13):5002-5006
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an indispensable technique in modern materials science for the determination of chemical bonding as evidenced by more than 10 000 XPS papers published annually. A literature survey reveals that in the vast majority of cases an incorrect referencing of the binding energy scale is used, neglecting warnings that have been formulated from the early days of the technique. Consequences for the data reliability are disastrous and decades of XPS work require revisiting. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to highlight the existing problems, review the criticism and suggest ways forward. 相似文献
84.
Wavelet transform is a versatile time‐frequency analysis technique, which allows localization of useful signals in time or space and separates them from noise. The detector output from any analytical instrument is mathematically equivalent to a digital image. Signals obtained in chemical separations that vary in time (e.g., high‐performance liquid chromatography) or space (e.g., planar chromatography) are amenable to wavelet analysis. This article gives an overview of wavelet analysis, and graphically explains all the relevant concepts. Continuous wavelet transform and discrete wavelet transform concepts are pictorially explained along with their chromatographic applications. An example is shown for qualitative peak overlap detection in a noisy chromatogram using continuous wavelet transform. The concept of signal decomposition, denoising, and then signal reconstruction is graphically discussed for discrete wavelet transform. All the digital filters in chromatographic instruments used today potentially broaden and distort narrow peaks. Finally, a low signal‐to‐noise ratio chromatogram is denoised using the procedure. Significant gains (>tenfold) in signal‐to‐noise ratio are shown with wavelet analysis. Peaks that were not initially visible were recovered with good accuracy. Since discrete wavelet transform denoising analysis applies to any detector used in separation science, researchers should strongly consider using wavelets for their research. 相似文献
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86.
利用体相位全息光栅的优良特性,研制光栅式密集型波分复用器(DWDM)。准直后的信道波长通过体相位全息光栅两次衍射,在焦面上实现信道波长的分复用。阐述了体相位全息光栅的独特结构特点,给出了体相位全息光栅式密集型光波分复用器件的原理图,计算出各个信道的位置及间隔,用Zemax仿真出设计模型。相比于薄膜滤光片式器件而言,具有许多独特的优良特性,能够实现更密集更多信道数量的分复用。 相似文献
87.
针对长跨距密集波分复用系统中喇曼放大入纤泵浦功率过大的问题,将遥泵放大器(RP-EDFA)引入到系统中,通过对共纤RP-EDFA的噪音性能及其优化设计的研究,在理论上计算比较了RP-EDFA系统和后向喇曼放大系统在不同泵浦功率水平下的光信噪比和非线性相移,表明遥泵放大技术有效降低了入纤泵浦的功率水平,更适合长跨距应用.运用遥泵放大技术,对一个典型的长跨距系统进行系统Q值的模拟,结果表明:在 220 mW泵浦功率水平下可以实现跨距为 167 km的40×11.6 Gbit/s系统1000 km传输,Q值裕量4.4 dB. 相似文献
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89.
分别采用514 nm绿光、488 nm蓝光和390 nm紫外光作为敏化光,633 nm红光作为记录光,详细研究了敏化光波长对氧化(Fe,Ni):LiNbO3晶体全息记录性能的影响.结果表明:随着敏化光波长的逐渐减小,氧化(Fe,Ni):LiNbO3晶体的非挥发全息记录性能逐渐优化,390 nm紫外光是这三种敏化光中最优的敏化光.考虑敏化光的吸收,为了在双中心全息记录中获得最优的性能,应当选择合适波长的敏化光:一方面短波长敏化光能有效地敏化深中心;另一方面短波长敏化光的吸收太强(如对光折变效应无用的基质吸收),不能沿厚度方向有效地敏化晶体,所以实际上需折衷考虑,并从理论上给予了解释. 相似文献
90.