全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43548篇 |
免费 | 5825篇 |
国内免费 | 4501篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 12201篇 |
晶体学 | 966篇 |
力学 | 9811篇 |
综合类 | 614篇 |
数学 | 16099篇 |
物理学 | 14183篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 102篇 |
2023年 | 500篇 |
2022年 | 882篇 |
2021年 | 1037篇 |
2020年 | 1348篇 |
2019年 | 1168篇 |
2018年 | 1158篇 |
2017年 | 1566篇 |
2016年 | 1792篇 |
2015年 | 1397篇 |
2014年 | 2272篇 |
2013年 | 3130篇 |
2012年 | 2669篇 |
2011年 | 3013篇 |
2010年 | 2552篇 |
2009年 | 2839篇 |
2008年 | 2776篇 |
2007年 | 2738篇 |
2006年 | 2550篇 |
2005年 | 2329篇 |
2004年 | 2013篇 |
2003年 | 1805篇 |
2002年 | 1631篇 |
2001年 | 1373篇 |
2000年 | 1264篇 |
1999年 | 1143篇 |
1998年 | 1056篇 |
1997年 | 910篇 |
1996年 | 739篇 |
1995年 | 627篇 |
1994年 | 571篇 |
1993年 | 466篇 |
1992年 | 480篇 |
1991年 | 361篇 |
1990年 | 296篇 |
1989年 | 236篇 |
1988年 | 185篇 |
1987年 | 137篇 |
1986年 | 99篇 |
1985年 | 128篇 |
1984年 | 116篇 |
1983年 | 59篇 |
1982年 | 83篇 |
1981年 | 53篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 49篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 41篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1957年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
21.
Yaping Chen Dr. Kun Rui Prof. Jixin Zhu Prof. Shi Xue Dou Dr. Wenping Sun 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(3):703-713
Developing clean and sustainable energies as alternatives to fossil fuels is in strong demand within modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the efficiency-limiting process in plenty of key renewable energy systems, such as electrochemical water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to seeking high-performance electrocatalysts for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Apart from traditional precious-metal-based catalysts, nickel-based compounds are the most promising earth-abundant OER catalysts, attracting ever-increasing interest due to high activity and stability. In this review, the recent progress on nickel-based oxide and (oxy)hydroxide composites for water oxidation catalysis in terms of materials design/synthesis and electrochemical performance is summarized. Some underlying mechanisms to profoundly understand the catalytic active sites are also highlighted. In addition, the future research trends and perspectives on the development of Ni-based OER electrocatalysts are discussed. 相似文献
22.
In this study, stoichiometric protonation constants of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, L-tryptophane, L-lysine, and L-histidine, and
their methyl and ethyl esters in water and ethanol–water mixtures of 30, 50, and 70% ethanol (v/v), were determined potentiometrically
using a combined pH electrode system calibrated as the concentration of hydrogen ion. Titrations were performed at 25∘C and the ionic strength of the medium was maintained at 0.10 mol⋅L−1 using sodium chloride. Protonation constants were calculated by using the BEST computer program. The effect of solvent composition
on the protonation constants is discussed. The log10 K2 values of esters generally decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, the log10 K1 values of the esters of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and L-tryptophane were found to increase with increasing ethanol content
in contrast those of L-lysine and L-histidine esters. 相似文献
23.
Paul S. Wesson 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2003,35(1):111-119
Results from 5D induced-matter and membrane theory with null paths are extended to show that a particle obeys the 4D Klein-Gordon equation but with a variable mass. The Dirac equation also follows, but raises concerns about 4D quantization in the two natural 5D gauges, and reopens the question of a Regge-like trajectory for the spin angular momenta and squared masses of gravitationally-dominated systems. 相似文献
24.
非线性互补问题的一种全局收敛的显式光滑Newton方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本针对Po函数非线性互补问题,给出了一种显式光滑Newton方法,该方法将光滑参数μ进行显式迭代而不依赖于Newton方向的搜索过程,并在适当的假设条件下,证明了算法的全局收敛性。 相似文献
25.
电路过渡过程所列方程是微分方程,本文中采用的是方框图模型分析法,即将微分方程的复杂示解分解成最基本的加(减)、乘(除)、积分(微分)、增益等运算,采用VB设计用户界面产进行计算,并给出了一算例。 相似文献
26.
It is proved that for any integerk≥ 54 000, there isN
k
>0 depending onk only such that every even integer ≥N
k
is a sum of two odd prime numbers andk powers of 2.
Project partially supported by RGC Research Grant (No.HKU 7122/97P) and Post-Doctoral Fellowship of the University of Hong
Kong. 相似文献
27.
P. Seelig A. Dax S. Faber M. Gerlach G. Huber T. Kühl D. Marx P. Merz W. Quint F. Schmitt H. Winter M. Würtz 《Hyperfine Interactions》1998,114(1-4):135-139
The investigation of the 1s HFS provides a good possibility for testing QED effects in a combination of a strong electric
and magnetic field. Here, we report about the laserspectroscopic measurements of the ground state hyperfine splitting in 207Pb81+. To handle this M1-transition in the infrared optical regime with its long lifetime, we developed a new detection technique
using a bunched ion beam. For the observation of fluorescence light, a new mirror system is adapted to the emission characteristics
from an ion beam at relativistic velocities.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
28.
Rafael López 《Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry》1997,15(3):201-210
In this paper we study constant mean curvature compact surfaces with two Jordan curves in parallel planes as boundary and we investigate the point at which the surface inherits the symmetries of its boundary. 相似文献
29.
J.V.P. de OliveiraA.V. Cardona M.T. VilhenaR.C. Barros 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2002,73(1):55-62
We describe a semi-analytical numerical method for coherent isotropic scattering time-dependent radiative transfer problems in slab geometry. This numerical method is based on a combination of two classes of numerical methods: the spectral methods and the Laplace transform (LTSN) methods applied to the radiative transfer equation in the discrete ordinates (SN) formulation. The basic idea is to use the essence of the spectral methods and expand the intensity of radiation in a truncated series of Laguerre polynomials in the time variable and then solve recursively the resulting set of “time-independent” SN problems by using the LTSN method. We show some numerical experiments for a typical model problem. 相似文献
30.
In circuit-switched networks call streams are characterized by their mean and peakedness (two-moment method). The GI/M/C/0 system is used to model a single link, where the GI-stream is determined by fitting moments appropriately. For the moments of the overflow traffic of a GI/M/C/0 system there are efficient numerical algorithms available. However, for the moments of the freed carried traffic, defined as the moments of a virtual link of infinite capacity to which the process of calls accepted by the link (carried arrival process) is virtually directed and where the virtual calls get fresh exponential i.i.d. holding times, only complex numerical algorithms are available. This is the reason why the concept of the freed carried traffic is not used. The main result of this paper is a numerically stable and efficient algorithm for computing the moments of freed carried traffic, in particular an explicit formula for its peakedness. This result offers a unified handling of both overflow and carried traffics in networks. Furthermore, some refined characteristics for the overflow and freed carried streams are derived. 相似文献