全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3630篇 |
免费 | 408篇 |
国内免费 | 182篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 492篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 535篇 |
综合类 | 80篇 |
数学 | 1865篇 |
物理学 | 1242篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 96篇 |
2019年 | 99篇 |
2018年 | 93篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 135篇 |
2015年 | 92篇 |
2014年 | 184篇 |
2013年 | 262篇 |
2012年 | 171篇 |
2011年 | 193篇 |
2010年 | 168篇 |
2009年 | 206篇 |
2008年 | 235篇 |
2007年 | 235篇 |
2006年 | 204篇 |
2005年 | 171篇 |
2004年 | 155篇 |
2003年 | 138篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 108篇 |
1999年 | 81篇 |
1998年 | 78篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 34篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4220条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Cyclic Hypomonotonicity,Cyclic Submonotonicity,and Integration 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Rockafellar has shown that the subdifferentials of convex functions are always cyclically monotone operators. Moreover, maximal cyclically monotone operators are necessarily operators of this type, since one can construct explicitly a convex function, which turns out to be unique up to a constant, whose subdifferential gives back the operator. This result is a cornerstone in convex analysis and relates tightly convexity and monotonicity. In this paper, we establish analogous robust results that relate weak convexity notions to corresponding notions of weak monotonicity, provided one deals with locally Lipschitz functions and locally bounded operators. In particular, the subdifferentials of locally Lipschitz functions that are directionally hypomonotone [respectively, directionally submonotone] enjoy also an additional cyclic strengthening of this notion and in fact are maximal under this new property. Moreover, every maximal cyclically hypomonotone [respectively, maximal cyclically submonotone] operator is always the Clarke subdifferential of some directionally weakly convex [respectively, directionally approximately convex] locally Lipschitz function, unique up to a constant, which in finite dimentions is a lower C2 function [respectively, a lower C1 function]. 相似文献
22.
Many real problems can be modelled as robust shortest path problems on interval digraphs, where intervals represent uncertainty about real costs and a robust path is not too far from the shortest path for each possible configuration of the arc costs.A branch and bound algorithm for this problem is presented. 相似文献
23.
工程施工中运输网络优化方案 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
施工工地运输方案的优化设计可以归结为 :按施工期要求设计运输线路或验证已有线路通行能力 ,计算总线路中影响提高流量的关键路段 ,取得最小费用最大流 .本文运用图论理论这一数学工具把实际问题抽象为有向网络 ,进而建立数学模型 .此方法理论上严密 ,解题步聚直观清晰 ,对水利、公路、水路、铁路等其它运输系统有普遍意义 . 相似文献
24.
In this paper, space adaptivity is introduced to control the error in the numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. The reference numerical scheme is a new version of the discontinuous Galerkin method, which uses an implicit diffusive term in the direction of the streamlines, for stability purposes. The decision whether to refine or to unrefine the grid in a certain location is taken according to the magnitude of wavelet coefficients, which are indicators of local smoothness of the numerical solution. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear Euler equations illustrate the efficiency of the method. 相似文献
25.
Two groups of 10 speech-language pathology graduate students were each given 7 weeks of singing lessons to determine whether voice lessons could have an effect on their clinical and perceptual skills. Pre-, mid-, and posttests to measure various skills were designed and implemented. With use of paired sample statistical testing, statistically significant results were obtained. In addition, the subjective responses of the students show that the lessons were effective in improving pitch perception, breath control, and legato production or easy onset. This study supports efforts to integrate curricula in vocal performance and speech-language pathology. 相似文献
26.
IGCC空气侧整体综合优化的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
主要符号表X。。氮气回注系数如空分整体化系数E。;c燃气轮机压气机效率G。l回注氮气流量万燃气轮机透平前温尼。”系统相对效率G。。煤气氮气掺混流量Ea;,c空气专用压缩机效率N。”系统相对功率1前言整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统模拟与优化逐步受到重视,开展了许多相关研究[‘-‘]。但是,现有的方法[‘,‘]一个突出的问题,它是在设定的具体流程方案下的数值分析,这常常导致落入“局部优化掩盖了整体最优”的误区。本文是研究以空分系统为中心的空气侧子系统的整体优化,阐述基本概念,尝试新方法,并结合大型商业化装… 相似文献
27.
Hong-Nian Li Xiao-Xiong WangWang-Feng Ding 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006
Using X-ray photoemission measurements, we have determined the attenuation length of C 1s photoelectrons in C60 film to be 21.5 Å with the incident photon energy of Mg Kα radiation. The inelastic mean free path calculated with the TPP-2M algorithm coincides fairly well with the experimentally determined attenuation length, indicating the validity of the algorithm to fullerene and fullerides. The inelastic mean free paths for some fullerides, i.e. K3C60, K6C60, Ba4C60, Sm2.75C60 and Sm6C60 are calculated to help the quantitative analyses of the photoemission spectra for these compounds. 相似文献
28.
Many recent algorithmic approaches involve the construction of a differential equation model for computational purposes, typically
by introducing an artificial time variable. The actual computational model involves a discretization of the now time-dependent differential system, usually
employing forward Euler. The resulting dynamics of such an algorithm is then a discrete dynamics, and it is expected to be
“close enough” to the dynamics of the continuous system (which is typically easier to analyze) provided that small – hence
many – time steps, or iterations, are taken. Indeed, recent papers in inverse problems and image processing routinely report
results requiring thousands of iterations to converge. This makes one wonder if and how the computational modeling process
can be improved to better reflect the actual properties sought.
In this article we elaborate on several problem instances that illustrate the above observations. Algorithms may often lend
themselves to a dual interpretation, in terms of a simply discretized differential equation with artificial time and in terms
of a simple optimization algorithm; such a dual interpretation can be advantageous. We show how a broader computational modeling
approach may possibly lead to algorithms with improved efficiency.
AMS subject classification (2000) 65L05, 65M32, 65N21, 65N22, 65D18 相似文献
29.
遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱层析技术是一项新的气体分析技术,它可用于构造气体浓度峰图形,定量分析工业污染气体总释放量等方面,随着算法的不断优化,在重构气体在空间的分布方面,遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱层析技术正在不断成长。 相似文献
30.
Summary We study the integration theory for general integral metrics when restricted to upper integrals q, finding improvements in the relation between the classes of the q-integrable and the ql-integrable functions. We give new results and notions which lead to the desirable characterizations of q-integrable functions as ql-integrable f with q(|f|) < ∞, and of ql-integrable functions via the integrability of their upper truncations, under natural conditions which are fulfilled in most
finitely additive integration theories. 相似文献