萃取催化光度法测定粉煤中的微量铜

在NH3·H2O NH4Cl缓冲溶液(pH9.2)中,微量铜(Ⅱ)对过氧化氢氧化等色染料离子对(TBF(BRB)2)褪色反应具有催化作用,催化程度与Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在0 25μg/L～3 50μg/L范围内呈线性关系,用萃取平衡控制反应时间和水中有机染料浓度,建立了一种测定Cu(Ⅱ)的萃取催化光度法的新方法。方法的检出限为0 11μg/L,该法已应用于粉灰中微量铜的测定。     

Titration calorimetric determination of the pairwise interaction parameters of glycerol,D-threitol,mannitol, and D-glucitol in dilute aqueous solutions

Enthalpic pairwise interaction parameters, h_jj, were determined by titration calorimetry at 25°C for dilute solutions of glycerol, D-threitol, manitol, and D-glucitol in water. The parameters for these and other polyols conform to the expression h_jj (J-kg^–1)=145+135n_OH–21.5n _OH ² –41.7 _dl ² -160.5n_dlld, where n_OH=n_C is the number of hydroxyl groups (carbon atoms), n_dl is the number of dl configuration of a vicinal pair of OH-groups, and n_dlld is the number of such configurations in the polyol molecules. A rationalization of this expression is given.     

Comparison between experimental and theoretical values of effectiveness factor in cephalosporin C production process with immobilized cells

Cells ofCephalosporium acretnonium ATCC 48272 immobilized in calcium alginate beads were utilized for cephalosporin C production and the results were compared with those obtained with free cells. The experiments were performed with synthetic medium containing glucose and sucrose as carbon and energy sources. Experimental effectiveness factor values were obtained at various cell and dissolved-oxygen concentrations, considering Monod kinetics for the respiration rate, and were compared with the values calculated with zero-order kinetics in spherical bioparticle. The results showed that the assumption of oxygen limitation by diffusion in the bioparticle was correct, and that cephalosporin C production with immobilized cells is perfectly viable, although a slightly lower rate than that obtained in the free cell process was observed.     

Theoretical investigation on the GaH molecule and its positive ion

The gallium monohydride (GaH) molecule and its positive ion were theoretically investigated by abinitio molecular orbital calculations with a flexible basis set including g-type functions on the Ga atom. Electron correlations among not only the valence electrons of Ga 4s4p and H 1s but also the semi-core electrons of Ga 3d were incorporated by a size-consistent scheme of the coupled pair approximation. The contribution of the 3d electron correlation was found to be considerable on spectroscopic constants of both GaH and GaH⁺, especially on the bond length. Received: 25 July 1997 / Accepted: 13 November 1997     

关于原子轨道等性与不等性杂化区分标准的探讨

因共价分子中心原子价电子和配原子构成的多样性，国内不同版本教材上对杂化轨道理论中等性和不等性杂化的区分标准不统一。通过讨论目前国内教材常采用的2种区分标准的优势和不足，依据杂化概念提出的原因，参照国外教材的做法，提出了对杂化形式不做等性杂化和不等性杂化区分的建议。     

Experimental testing of molecular dynamic functions of pairs by the isotope selectivity of radical recombination

A method for experimental testing of the molecular dynamic functionf(t), which describes the generation of reencounters in a dynamic pair of molecular particles, has been developed. The method is based on the analysis of isotope separation in spin selective reactions of a radical pair. Thef(t) function derived from the solution of the diffusion equation with physically rigorous initial and boundary conditions describes experimental results much better than the well-known Noyes function. Conditions that make it possible to increase the efficiency of isotope separation in spin selective reactions are formulated.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1639–1645, September, 1995.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-03-05227).     

The Influence of Pair Spiral Extrusion Equipment on Thermoplastic Potato Starch

Owing to contain a great deal of hydroxyl in Potato Starch, between the molecules and inside of molecules have very strong hydroxyl action. Thus, the liquate temperature is higher than disintegrate temperature, so it is difficult to process. Under the microscope, the microcosmic construction is a polar crystal molecule, and it appears globe predicament.To make the original potato starch into possession thermoplastic, we must make molecule of starch to change construct into amorphous state to form thermoplastic starch colophony. Besides auxiliary agent, shearing stress, temperature, time, pressure and hydrous quantity can affect the quality of starch thermoplastic too. The pair spiral extrude machine is used widely as the machines that are based of the pressure difference, and this extrude course may suffice require.Using the machine of pair spiral extrude of specific combination in the test of thermoplastic starch, the potato starch can be turned into thermoplastic starch of denaturalization preferably under auxiliary agent, shearing stress, temperature, pressure and the certain hydrous quantity.By the action of the technology process condition and the spiral combination, potato starch grains expand and fragmentate; hydroxyl bond cleave between and inside of molecules. Thus, crystallize state is changed into amorphous state. The transmutation of starch molecule property may be seen clearly from X diffraction chart and analyses of the construction property,By means of the denaturation, the crystal area of potato starch is broken,its crystallization degree is decreased,and its molecular chains are in amorphous state. The hydrogen bond among the molecular chain is broken or removed so that the starch structure is changed, making the starch thermoplastic.The processing of thermoplastic starch advances a higher requirement of ingredient water content, and technical conditions. A remodeled twin-screw extruder is used to create an environment to realize the condition of denaturalizing and plasticizing reactions. After the continuous probing, we have successfully developed three types of thermoplastics starch plastic from the potato starch (starch content of all of them is greater than 90%). The fluidity of the thermoplastics starch will be better if the processing is performed under the condition of 4.0-6.0Mpa (pressure) and 80-110℃ (temperature). By doing so, it is shown that there is the possibility of further thermoplastic fabrication upon it.     

Pair density related to one‐electron information for the ground state of spin‐compensated two‐electron systems

The recent study by Joubert on effects of Coulomb repulsions in a many‐electron system has focused attention on an integral identity involving the pair density. This has motivated the derivation presented here of a vectorial differential form related to this integral result. Our differential identity is then illustrated explicitly by using (i) an exact ground‐state wave function for the so‐called Hookean atom having external potential energy (1/2)kr², with k = 1/4, and (ii) Moshinsky's model in which both the interparticle interaction and the external potential are of harmonic type. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Enthalpy and heat capacity parameters of ammonium bromide interaction with hexamethylphosphotriamide in water

Thermal effects of solution of ammonium bromide in hexamethylphosphotriamide (HMPT)-water mixtures at 4° C, 15°C, and 46°C in the region of minor additions of the nonaqueous component were investigated for the first time by calorimetry. Variations of heat capacity in the course of solution were calculated using previous data for 25°C and 40°C. The curves of the heat capacity of solution (transfer) and temperature variation of transfer entropy versus composition have a minimum near the region of the existence of the 1:20 HMPT:water clathrate. The enthalpy, heat capacity, and temperature variations of the entropy coefficients of electrolyte amide pair and three-particle interactions in water were calculated in terms of MacMillan-Mayer theory. Within the framework of the group additivity method it is shown that the heat capacity coefficient of the bromide ion-HMPT pair interaction is negative and dictates temperature variations of enthalpy for ammonium bromide and tetraalkylammonium interactions with HMPT in water.     

An automated system for preconcentration/matrix-removal followed by ICP-MS determination of organic phosphorus in oil production water

Scale inhibitors based on phosphinepolycarboxylic acid (PPCA) have been successfully used in offshore oil production for preventing deposition of barium and strontium sulfates. A system was developed for the automated pretreatment of PPCA-containing water samples, followed on-line or off-line by phosphorus determination using ICP mass spectrometry. During pretreatment, the previously acidified inhibitor solution is adsorbed on a C18-reversed phase column and then eluted with 0.025 mol l⁻¹ borate solution. Using a 3.5-ml sample volume, analytical frequency in the on-line mode is about 9 samples per hour and 17 in off-line operation. Detection limit of phosphorus in the borate solution was 0.20 μg l⁻¹, using a crossflow nebulizer and a Ryton® spray chamber. Recoveries were, typically, in the range of 90% to 100% and repeatability about 5%. The method has been applied for monitoring inhibitor concentrations during laboratory and field squeeze tests.