Free‐electron laser multiplex driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Free‐electron lasers (FELs) generate femtosecond XUV and X‐ray pulses at peak powers in the gigawatt range. The FEL user facility FLASH at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) is driven by a superconducting linear accelerator with up to 8000 pulses per second. Since 2014, two parallel undulator beamlines, FLASH1 and FLASH2, have been in operation. In addition to the main undulator, the FLASH1 beamline is equipped with an undulator section, sFLASH, dedicated to research and development of fully coherent extreme ultraviolet photon pulses using external seed lasers. In this contribution, the first simultaneous lasing of the three FELs at 13.4 nm, 20 nm and 38.8 nm is presented.     

高灰度分辨率图像的伪彩色编码

提出了一种基于RGB三基色系统的对高灰度分辨率图像进行伪彩色编码的非线性方法。在该方法中 ,对小于 2 4位灰度分辨率的图像来说 ,任一空间 (x ,y)处的灰度值 f(x ,y)均可用 2 4位二进制数 fi(i=0 ,1,… ,2 3)来表示。通过Ri=f3i,Gi=f3i+1,Bi=f3i+2 (i =0 ,1,… ,7)进行非线性编码 ,得到 3个 8位二进制数R ,G和B ,将其分别乘以KR,KG和KB 规模因子后 ,作为RGB三基色系统的三色系数 ,实现了灰度图像的等密度伪彩色编码。该方法通用性强 ,可实现 1位到 2 4位灰度图像的伪彩色编码 ,并且处理高分辨率灰度图像与处理低分辨率灰度图像的方法是一致的 ,速度也是相同的     

High-fidelity image reproduction using angular distribution of reflected spectral intensity

A method to reproduce images of an object under various observation conditions is presented. In this method, a series of multispectral images is captured by rotating the object under a point light source of which spectral power distribution and the position are known. The captured images are decomposed into diffuse and specular reflection component images based on the dichromatic reflection and the Lambertian models. Next, the incident angle of the illumination light and the angle between viewing direction and regular reflection are calculated based on observation geometry. Finally, the image under observation geometry is synthesized using the light-ray rearrangement technique. The experiments are carried out using two-dimensional objects, leather and fabric. Most of the synthesized images are shown to be the same as the images actually captured under the assumed illumination geometry, even if the object has complex reflection like fabric for which it is difficult to apply the reflection model used in computer graphics.     

高色域量子点LED及其在背光显示中的应用研究

量子点因其独特优异的光学特性而被广泛应用于发光领域,其中最突出的特点是光谱调谐方便,只需要改变材料的尺寸,就可实现发光光谱的调谐。结合实际应用的需要,选取CdSe材料作为主要研究对象,通过改进工艺,采用希莱克技术隔绝水氧,使用高温热注入法,调整原料中镉源和锌源,硒源和硫源的比例,获得了尺寸分别约为6.0和4.2 nm,发光峰分别为625和525 nm,半高宽分别为30和28 nm,荧光量子产率分别达到82%和61%的粒径均一、色纯度高且高效稳定核壳结构CdSe/ZnS红光和绿光量子点材料。然后对量子点LED在背光显示中的应用进行了研究,采用合成的红光和绿光量子点材料替代传统工艺中的荧光粉材料,通过改进封装方式,对量子点光转换层采用双层环氧树脂AB胶保护,同时引入PMMA透镜包覆,从根本上隔绝水氧。最终得到的量子点白光LED,红绿蓝光发射峰分别为630, 535和453 nm,半高宽别为20, 28和30 nm,三段光谱发射峰两侧对称性良好,有效解决了传统荧光粉白光LED在红色光谱波段缺失的问题,并同时实现了单色性好、色纯度高、色彩饱和度高等优点。在LED积分球光色电测试系统中20 mA电流条件下测试,得到了CIE色坐标为(0.329, 0.324)的白光量子点LED,这是非常接近标准白光的色坐标。其色温为5 094 K,光效达到94.72 lm·W-1,显色指数Ra可达78.6,寿命超过400 h。最后对量子点LED灯条进行封装得到背光源,根据测试获取的白光量子点LED发射光谱,可以得到sRGB颜色三角形,即色域,通过对比NTSC1931标准色域,得到了色域覆盖率可以达到109.7%的高色域量子点LED背光源。开发的LED背光由240个白光量子点LED制成,并且首次成功演示了29英寸液晶电视面板,这一结果将进一步开发量身定制的量子点,特别是在高性能显示器应用领域。     

青海热贡地区传统建筑彩画颜料光谱特征分析研究

青海省热贡地区是安多藏区藏式建筑彩画艺术的重要产地,作为热贡艺术的重要组成部分影响甚广。热贡地方建筑彩画不仅是附着建筑栋梁之上的艺术瑰宝,更是一项延续至今的传统技艺,至今仍有大批传统匠人画师从事相关行业。热贡地方建筑彩画有独立的用色方法和颜料制作工艺,对其所用传统颜料进行科学检测是系统研究该地区建筑彩画的基础性工作,在进一步研究热贡地区建筑彩画的制作工艺和艺术特色,传承地方建筑彩画技艺和完善保护政策等方面具有积极意义。通过对同仁市隆务寺夏日仓行宫火供殿所用当地传统建筑彩画颜料的采样,运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射分析、激光显微拉曼光谱分析等多种实验分析方法,对颜料样品进行分析,测定其主要显色物质和成分占比。结果表明,热贡地方建筑彩画所用颜料多为无机颜料;蓝色颜料主要是人造群青;绿色颜料的主要矿物组成为绿土,显色物质为蒙脱石,存在将植物色染料加入当地所产的富镁蒙脱石中混合使用的可能性;红色颜料的主要矿物组成为铁红（赭石类红土）,通过焙烧富铁矿土来人工合成,材料来自于当地吾屯村所产红色赭石类粘土;黄色颜料主要矿物组成为密陀僧、硫磺及其他植物色染料制备而成;黑色颜料为碳黑,符合木炭黑的性状特征;白色颜料主要为生石灰及氧化镁粉,并在其他颜料中广泛使用石灰及氧化镁粉作为调色颜料;推测部分样品中含有包金土及植物色素染料、其他人工合成颜料的可能性。整体来看,热贡地区建筑彩画所用颜料成本价格较低,制取难度不大,来源大多是当地常见的矿土料和动植物染料,传统的制料工艺较简单,颜料多呈现为组分复杂的混合物状态;密陀僧、包金土和群青等颜料多来自于内地及国外,颜料人工合成的历史较早,反映出热贡地区建筑彩画在颜料使用上不仅使用本土材料制备,也广泛使用外来颜料的历史传统,为进一步研究热贡地区建筑彩画领域内汉、藏等多民族文化交往、交流、交融历史提供了良好实证材料。     

彩色视觉装置的颜色校正对比实验研究

鉴于利用彩色视觉装置进行在线测量是颜色测量在工业应用发展的趋势,而光源的光谱分布和相机响应函数与人眼的光谱响应曲线的不一致会严重影响测量的精确性,在人工D65光源和LED阵列光源照明下,利用相同的工业相机获取校正图片,采用多项式回归方法在与设备无关空间sRGB和CIEL*a*b*空间进行校正。实验结果显示在校正前平均色差分别为27.68E和16.09E,人工D65光源照明下获取的图片色差较小,校正后不同光源下获取图片的色度趋于一致,分别为2.56E和2.39E。采用sRGB颜色空间,在校正精度、校正步骤、图片显示等方面都要优于CIEL*a*b*空间。以一幅拍摄的实际图片校正为例,显示了色度校正对彩色装置的重要性。     

The Effect of High Intensity UV Irradiation on Color Behavior of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

A detailed study of color change in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets due to high intensity ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was undertaken, focusing on the first 50 h of change. Color changes were monitored with a Datacolor check spectrophotometer and compared with a set of controls. Measurements were taken after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 h of irradiation, then at 10 h intervals for the next 40 h. Further measurements were conducted at 100, 240, and 480 h. Data were analyzed using the reflectance spectra (350–800 nm) as well as the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L* a* b* color values (L*, a*, and b* are lightness value, redness-greenness value, and yellowness-blueness value, respectively) and the total color change (ΔE). The majority of color changes were found to occur within the first 50 h. After 50 h, the color change slowed and began to reverse toward 480 h. Surface microstructure properties, such as morphology, surface tension and oxidized products, were characterized to allow a comparison of sensitivity between the color monitoring methods and a comprehensive understanding of the color change. The results show that color evolution was attributable to the competition between the formations of polyene sequences (dehydrochlorination reaction) and their subsequent oxidation (photobleaching), which was slightly different from the behavior under a xenon arc lamp. According to the color behavior and the microstructure analysis a general scheme accounting for the mechanism of ageing behavior of PVC under high intensity UV irradiation is proposed.     

对用空间扩展宽谱光源再现的彩虹全息像的分析

用空间扩展宽谱光源再现的彩虹全息像时,整个光源只在一定的光谱的和空间的“有效宽度”内起作用,本文在此概念的基础上,研究了光源的光谱扩展和空间扩展在其单独作用和联合作用时对全息像的影响。发现当两者联合作用时,对像质的总影响几乎与它们单独作用时一样。给出了用宽谱空间扩展光源所再现的彩虹全息像的分辨率,从而提出了一个实用的狭缝宽度。     

液晶显示器广色域技术的研究

针对当前液晶显示器存在色彩表现不佳的缺点, 从原理上研究了影响液晶显示器色域的主要因素。通过实验, 分别验证了彩色滤光片厚度、LED光源光谱以及量子点材料对液晶显示器色域的影响。通过增加液晶面板的彩色滤光片厚度, 将色域增加了8%;通过更改LED光源光谱, 将色域提升到85%NTSC以上;通过采用量子点材料, 实现了100%NTSC以上色域。     

PPT文件的制作技巧

介绍了高分子物理”课程教学中如何利用PPT文档的功能制作反映相关知识点的动画效果;介绍了PPT文件的制作艺术,如颜色的搭配、字体大小的选择,背景的选择等,以保证教室后排同学看得清文字;通过颜色的搭配和适当的大小字体可以让学生在明亮的教室中上课,避免了上课拉窗帘的现象,保护了学生的视力;本文还介绍了利用命令”中的“自选图...