彩超联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素β诊断早期宫外孕的研究

本文探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声、人绒毛膜促性腺激素β(β-hCG)在早期异位妊娠诊断中的价值。选取异位妊娠患者78例作为观察组,根据超声影像特征,其中环状征型、混合包块型和典型孕囊型分别为15例、24例和39例;选取正常妊娠者140例作为对照组。两组均行经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,采用电化学发光法检查血清β-hCG水平。结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组子宫内膜厚度和血清β-hCG水平降低(P<0.05);环状征型、典型孕囊型和混合包块型患者血清β-hCG水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清β-hCG水平联合子宫内膜厚度预测异位妊娠的ROC曲线下面积为0.901(P<0.05)。经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合β-hCG在异位妊娠诊断中有较好的效果,同时异位妊娠患者β-hCG水平与彩超影像特征有一定关系。     

Retinex-Based Fast Algorithm for Low-Light Image Enhancement

We proposed the Retinex-based fast algorithm (RBFA) to achieve low-light image enhancement in this paper, which can restore information that is covered by low illuminance. The proposed algorithm consists of the following parts. Firstly, we convert the low-light image from the RGB (red, green, blue) color space to the HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space and use the linear function to stretch the original gray level dynamic range of the V component. Then, we estimate the illumination image via adaptive gamma correction and use the Retinex model to achieve the brightness enhancement. After that, we further stretch the gray level dynamic range to avoid low image contrast. Finally, we design another mapping function to achieve color saturation correction and convert the enhanced image from the HSV color space to the RGB color space after which we can obtain the clear image. The experimental results show that the enhanced images with the proposed method have better qualitative and quantitative evaluations and lower computational complexity than other state-of-the-art methods.     

Angle-independent responsive organogel retroreflective structural color film for colorimetric sensing of humidity and organic vapors

The angle dependence of photonic crystals (PCs) dramatically limits their practical applications in the colorimetrical sensing of humidity and volatile organic compound (VOC) vapors. In addition, it is challenging for inverse opal PCs to colorimetrically distinguish between vapors with similar refractive indices. Different from the mechanism of PC-based sensors, here, we report an angle-independent polyacrylamide (PAAm) organogel structural color film based on the mechanisms of retroreflection, total internal reflection (TIR) and interference with a shape similar to a single-sided “egg waffle”. During the process of responding to humidity and VOC vapors, the color of the film remains angle-independent in the normal angle range of 0° to 45° under coaxial illumination and observation conditions. At the same time, the film can colorimetrically distinguish between vapors with similar refractive indices, such as methanol and ethanol, which is mainly due to the differences in their polarity and solubility parameters. The film shows good stability, reversibility and selectivity when exposed to vapors. A colorimetric sensor with a new response mechanism is proposed and has the potential to effectively distinguish between vapors with similar refractive indices. Furthermore, this responsive retroreflective structural color film (RRSCF) provides a universal strategy to develop targeted angle-independent structural color sensors by selecting optimized materials.     

基于密度的凹版专色梯尺光谱预测模型的研究

基于密度与光谱反射率的关系建立了一种凹版专色梯尺的光谱反射率预测模型。该方法首先依据密度的定义建立实地光谱反射率与其密度的关系,并基于实地光谱反射率建立阶调光谱反射率的计算方法;然后根据密度的叠加原理,假设阶调密度与实地密度比例关系成立建立阶调密度、实地密度和承印物密度的关系;最后结合计算阶调光谱反射率的方法建立凹版专色梯尺光谱反射率预测模型;调配30种专色油墨通过凹印实打样,对预测模型通过决定系数R²和色差进行验证。实验结果表明,不同专色在同一网点面积率下实际阶调密度与实际实地密度的比例系数相同,两者的决定系数R²均大于0.98。在此关系基础上所建立的预测模型在不同网点面积率下都具有较高的决定系数,其均方根误差都小于0.01,最大色差为2.667 NBS。最后另外调配10种专色油墨在相同工艺条件下实打样样张,利用实际阶调密度与实际实地密度的比例系数,通过色差公式进而验证该模型预测专色油墨梯尺光谱反射率的精度。色差结果表明,82.12%的色差小于2.5 NBS,大部分色差在0.5～2 NBS之间,占据了总频率的58.32%,平均色差为1.58...     

基于银纳米粒子的局域表面等离子体共振效应提高草甘膦基于茚三酮间接检测的灵敏度（英文）

常规的农药残留检测一般存在前处理操作复杂,耗时较长,方法不够灵敏等问题。根据氨基与茚三酮显色原理和局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)增强光吸收原理,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱对水样品中草甘膦含量进行定量分析,并利用密度泛函理论进一步分析了显色的类似罗曼紫产物的光吸收增强机理。草甘膦与茚三酮在钼酸钠催化下反应生成类似罗曼紫产物;该物质在紫外–可见吸收光谱570nm处有最大吸收峰,当其吸附在银纳米粒子(Ag NPs)表面上时,最大吸收峰蓝移至568nm处,同时吸收强度显著提高;本研究中检出限为2.017 4×10^-11 mol·L^-1,显著低于文献中约6.5×10^-7 mol·L^-1的检出限。Gaussian 09软件计算得出,类似罗曼紫产物经由茚三酮的C=O基团垂直吸附在Ag NPs表面,静电势表明茚三酮的C=O基团优先与Ag稳定相互作用并形成Ag—O键,C=O基团和C—N基团构成了π键共轭系统;连接草甘膦和茚三酮之间的C—N键是类似罗曼紫产物的生色团。因此,茚三酮衍生法可用于间接检测水样品中草甘膦,银纳米...     

Optical absorbers based on strong interference in ultra‐thin films

Optical absorbers find uses in a wide array of applications across the electromagnetic spectrum, including photovoltaic and photochemical cells, photodetectors, optical filters, stealth technology, and thermal light sources. Recent efforts have sought to reduce the footprint of optical absorbers, conventionally based on graded structures or Fabry‐Perot‐type cavities, by using emerging concepts in plasmonics, metamaterials, and metasurfaces. Unfortunately, these new absorber designs require patterning on subwavelength length scales, and are therefore impractical for many large‐scale optical and optoelectronic devices. In this article, we summarize recent progress in the development of optical absorbers based on lossy films with thicknesses significantly smaller than the incident optical wavelength. These structures have a small footprint and require no nanoscale patterning. We outline the theoretical foundation of these absorbers based on “ultra‐thin‐film interference”, including the concepts of loss‐induced phase shifts and critical coupling, and then review several applications, including ultra‐thin color coatings, decorative photovoltaics, high‐efficiency photochemical cells, and infrared scene generators.

     

Color‐Transformable Silicone Elastomers Prepared by Thiol‐Ene Reaction with Potential Application in UV‐LEDs

A series of high‐efficiency, full‐color fluorescent elastomers based on polysiloxane matrix prepared by an easy thiol‐ene “click” reaction is reported here. It is found for the first time that the same elastomer can emit transformable colors by conveniently altering the excitation wavelength because of the effect of energy transfer and the “fluorescence switch” of lanthanide ions. A fluent change in emission colors can also be feasible and conveniently reproducible by varying the stoichiometric ratio of lanthanide ions and rhodamine‐B in solution and in polymer elastomers. The obtained elastomers are further coated onto commercially available UV‐LED cells from the solution medium followed by an in situ cross‐linking step.

     

N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-(对苯磺酸钠)硫脲的合成及其与铜(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究

以PEG-400为相转移催化剂,采用一锅法合成了显色剂N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-(对苯磺酸钠)硫脲(CSBT)。经红外、紫外、核磁和元素分析等测试,确定了其组成和结构。研究了CSBT与Cu2+发生显色反应的条件,结果发现,在p H4.0~6.0的HAc-Na Ac体系中,在表面活性剂十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)存在下,Cu2+和CSBT形成1∶3的黄绿色水溶性配合物,配合物最大吸收波长为370.0 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.56×104L/(mol·cm),Cu2+在0~2.0μg·m L-1范围内遵从比尔定律。将此方法应用于茶叶中微量铜的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差小于1.5%。     

Low‐molecular‐weight color pI markers to monitor on‐line the peptide focusing process in OFFGEL fractionation

High‐throughput mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis requires peptide fractionation to simplify complex biological samples and increase proteome coverage. OFFGEL fractionation technology became a common method to separate peptides or proteins using isoelectric focusing in an immobilized pH gradient. However, the OFFGEL focusing process may be further optimized and controlled in terms of separation time and pI resolution. Here we evaluated OFFGEL technology to separate peptides from different samples in the presence of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) color pI markers to visualize the focusing process. LMW color pI markers covering a large pH range were added to the peptide mixture before OFFGEL fractionation using a 24‐wells device encompassing the pH range 3–10. We also explored the impact of LMW color pI markers on peptide fractionation labeled previously for iTRAQ. Then, fractionated peptides were separated by RP_HPLC prior to MS analysis using MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry in MS and MS/MS modes. Here we report the performance of the peptide focusing process in the presence of LMW color pI markers as on‐line trackers during the OFFGEL process and the possibility to use them as pI controls for peptide focusing. This method improves the workflow for peptide fractionation in a bottom‐up proteomic approach with or without iTRAQ labeling.     

Uniform Kazhdan constant for some families of linear groups

Let R be a ring generated by l elements with stable range r. Assume that the group EL_d(R) has Kazhdan constant ₀>0 for some dr+1. We prove that there exist (₀,l)>0 and , s.t. for every nd, EL_n(R) has a generating set of order k and a Kazhdan constant larger than . As a consequence, we obtain for where n3, a Kazhdan constant which is independent of n w.r.t. generating set of a fixed size.