超声悬浮共聚法制备聚合物微球及其形态

采用超声粉碎和悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯为主单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,颜料黄74为着色剂,合成了彩色聚合物微球。光学显微镜以及扫描电镜的观察和分析表明：利用超声粉碎法可使聚合物微球的粒径从几百微米降低到几微米;热熔融后,聚合物微球内包覆了细小的颜料颗粒。     

Mechanochromic Fibers with Structural Color

Responsive photonic crystals have been widely developed to realize tunable structural colors by manipulating the flow of light. Among them, mechanochromic photonic crystals attract increasing attention due to the easy operation, high safety and broad applications. Recently, mechanochromic photonic crystal fibers were proposed to satisfy the booming wearable smart textile market. In this Concept, the fundamental mechanism, fabrication, and recent progress on mechanochromic photonic crystals, especially in fiber shape, are summarized to represent a new direction in sensing and displaying.     

Rationally Designed Axially Chiral Diarylethene Switches with High Helical Twisting Power

Three rationally designed axially chiral diarylethene switches were synthesized and their application as chiral dopants for phototunable cholesteric liquid crystal devices was investigated. Design of these molecules was based on the combination of photochromic dithienylcyclopentene core with bridged binaphthyl units as chiral precursors. Aromatic groups were introduced to the molecules at 6,6′‐positions of binaphthyls through a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Their helical twisting powers (HTPs) are significantly higher than those of the known chiral diarylethenes reported as chiral dopants so far. Photocyclization of these molecules upon light irradiation brought out dramatic variation in HTPs between different states. The primary colors, red, green, and blue, were obtained in reflection on light irradiation and with thermal stability. Moreover, a multi‐switchable photodisplay was demonstrated using one of these chiral molecular switches.     

热敏显色微胶囊的制备与表征

热敏显色微胶囊是用于传真、条形码系统、医用图像、各种打印等领域的重要材料,它是一种内部含有染料隐色体的球形胶囊。染料隐色体是一种内酯结构的无色染料,在一定条件下,与显色剂发生显色反应。由于染料隐色体的化学惰性不够理想,易受外界因素的干扰,因而在应用中受到一定限制,所以为了克服其存在的不足,常将其微胶囊化。微胶囊的芯壁结构可以将芯材与外界隔离,提高芯材的稳定性,同时保留芯材原有的化学性质。当环境温度在微胶囊的玻璃化温度以上时,由于形成微胶囊壁的物质透过性显著增加,因此显色成分接触而发生显色反应。本文利用界面聚合法,以聚乙烯醇为保护胶体,曲拉通X-100为表面活性剂,聚氨酯为壁材,染料隐色体为芯材,合成了聚氨酯热敏显色微胶囊。研究了三个主要因素对微胶囊的粒径及其分布、表面形貌和热敏显色性能的影响。结果表明,增大保护胶体浓度,提高乳化速度,增加乳化剂用量,微胶囊的平均粒径变小,粒径分布变窄,表面变得光滑而且致密,具有较高的热敏显色密度。利用红外光谱仪确认了微胶囊的结构,在最优条件下,所制备的微胶囊玻璃化温度为131 ℃,并具有良好的热稳定性。     

电场响应光子晶体

光子晶体是一种介电常数周期变化、具有光子带隙、对光路可控的新型功能材料。将对外界刺激敏感性材料引入光子晶体空隙就得到可响应光子晶体。电场响应光子晶体是由电活性材料与光子晶体结构相结合所得,可以应用于反射型彩色显示并表现出其他显示技术所没有的独特优点。本文重点介绍了电场响应光子晶体器件的结构和响应机理,并按照引入电活性材料的不同将电场响应光子晶体分为基于液晶、聚电解质水凝胶、金属有机聚合物凝胶、导电聚合物以及核壳式电场响应光子晶体,总结了近几年各类电场响应光子晶体的研究进展,提出了在反射型彩色显示器件方面的应用以及存在的问题和展望。     

Structure of tecophilin,a tri-caffeoylanthocyanin from the blue petals of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus, and the mechanism of blue color development

The pigment, tecophilin, in blue flowers of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus was isolated and the structure was determined to be 3-O-(6-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(2-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(E)-caffeoyl)-6-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)delphinidin. The reproduction experiment of the same color as petals according to the results of chemical analysis and measurement of vacuolar pH of blue cells clarified that the blue color solely develops by tecophilin without interaction of metal ions nor co-pigments. ¹H NMR analysis and CD spectrum indicate the co-existence of clockwise intermolecular self-association of the delphinidin nuclei and intramolecular π–π stacking between the chromophore and caffeoyl residues to derive bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum and stabilize the color by preventing hydration reaction.     

Reversible Full‐Range Color Control of a Cholesteric Liquid‐Crystalline Film by using a Molecular Motor

By using a chiral molecular motor as a dopant in a cholesteric liquid‐crystalline film, fully reversible control of the reflection color of this film across the entire visible spectrum is possible. The large difference in helical twisting power between the two isomeric forms of the motor allows efficient light‐ and heat‐induced switching of the helicity of the cholesteric liquid‐crystal superstructure.     

基于亮蓝为显色剂的高酸度试纸

研究了色素亮蓝对氢离子浓度大于1 mol/L溶液的颜色响应及其变色机理,并将其作为显色剂应用于高酸度试纸的研发。 研究表明,固定于改性基纸上的亮蓝处于氢离子浓度为0.1~9.0 mol/L范围的介质溶液中时,其颜色变化表现出明显的酸度响应特征,即随着溶液酸度的提高,亮蓝逐渐由蓝色转化为蓝绿色、绿色、黄绿色直至黄色。 该响应具有普适性,不受无机酸的种类与氧化性强弱的影响。 采用分光光度法研究了溶液酸度对亮蓝光吸收特性的影响,提出其可能的变色机理。 以亮蓝为显色剂开发出高酸度试纸,该试纸可以直接检测溶液中0.1~9.0 mol/L范围内的氢离子平衡浓度,精确度为±1 mol/L。     

1-(4-硝基苯)-3-(3-甲基吡啶)-三氮烯合成及其与铜的显色反应

报道了新显色剂 1-(4-硝基苯)-3-(3-甲基吡啶)-三氮烯(NPMPDT)的合成及其与铜的显色反应.在OP的存在下,pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与铜发生显色反应,铜与NPMPDT形成摩尔比为2∶1型的黄色配合物,在460 nm处有一最大正吸收,在535 nm 处有一最大负吸收.以460 nm为参比波长,535 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε＝2.18×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,铜的质量浓度在0～0.48 μg/mL 范围内符合比尔定律,用本法测定大米和面粉中微量的铜,结果满意.