全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13737篇 |
免费 | 3445篇 |
国内免费 | 929篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3434篇 |
晶体学 | 562篇 |
力学 | 280篇 |
综合类 | 93篇 |
数学 | 237篇 |
物理学 | 13505篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 49篇 |
2023年 | 107篇 |
2022年 | 285篇 |
2021年 | 300篇 |
2020年 | 318篇 |
2019年 | 251篇 |
2018年 | 290篇 |
2017年 | 468篇 |
2016年 | 520篇 |
2015年 | 495篇 |
2014年 | 802篇 |
2013年 | 1267篇 |
2012年 | 966篇 |
2011年 | 929篇 |
2010年 | 689篇 |
2009年 | 843篇 |
2008年 | 1047篇 |
2007年 | 954篇 |
2006年 | 928篇 |
2005年 | 818篇 |
2004年 | 715篇 |
2003年 | 645篇 |
2002年 | 598篇 |
2001年 | 563篇 |
2000年 | 527篇 |
1999年 | 451篇 |
1998年 | 381篇 |
1997年 | 362篇 |
1996年 | 277篇 |
1995年 | 273篇 |
1994年 | 238篇 |
1993年 | 170篇 |
1992年 | 143篇 |
1991年 | 92篇 |
1990年 | 67篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 53篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Vesselin Dimitrov 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(3):831-846
A classification of binary oxide glasses has been proposed taking into account the values obtained on their refractive index-based oxide ion polarizability αO2−(n0), optical basicity Λ(n0), metallization criterion M(n0), interaction parameter A(n0), and ion's effective charges as well as O1s and metal binding energies determined by XPS. Four groups of oxide glasses have been established: glasses formed by two glass-forming acidic oxides; glasses formed by glass-forming acidic oxide and modifier's basic oxide; glasses formed by glass-forming acidic and conditional glass-forming basic oxide; glasses formed by two basic oxides. The role of electronic ion polarizability in chemical bonding of oxide glasses has been also estimated. Good agreement has been found with the previous results concerning classification of simple oxides. The results obtained probably provide good basis for prediction of type of bonding in oxide glasses on the basis of refractive index as well as for prediction of new nonlinear optical materials. 相似文献
102.
Further expansion of optical communication systems depends strongly on the development of cheap component technologies for
functions such as switching, demultiplexing and amplification. Silica-on-silicon is increasingly recognised as the best approach
to low cost integrated optics for such applications, but so far the functionality is limited. The purpose of NODES, a basic
research collaboration sponsored by the European Union under the programme ESPRIT, has been to examine the application of
sol-gel to a highly functional silica-on-silicon technology. In particular, the project has investigated film processing and
characterisation, rare-earth doping for amplification, and semiconductor nanocrystallite doping for nonlinear functions. This
paper presents the background and context to this work, summarises the technical results obtained, and discusses requirements
and challenges for successful application of sol-gel in photonics. 相似文献
103.
104.
There is overwhelming evidence that meteorites bring α-methylated amino acids to earth with some l(S) enantiomeric excess. How does that get transferred into normal biological molecules? In this brief account, we show that an α-methylated amino acid, d(R)-α-methylvaline, can react with pyruvate and phenylpyruvate salts in dry mixtures to form alanine and phenylalanine with l enantiomeric excesses, under sensible prebiotic conditions. Thus the meteoritic l(S) excesses of this compound would produce excess d-alanine and d-phenylalanine, which are found in some organisms. 相似文献
105.
Y. Akiyama F. Mizukami H. Izutsu M. Sato K. Maeda Y. Kiyozumi K. Sakaguchi 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):421-425
A novel organic-inorganic composite was prepared by a sol-gel process using hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) reacted with a saccharide. During the process, ethoxy groups of the TEOS were replaced with hydroxyl groups of the saccharide and, consequently, saccharide molecules were combined with silica through their hydroxyl groups. Samples obtained under different reaction conditions were used for optical resolution of a metal chelate compound. The resolution ability of the composites was affected by the amount of water added for hydrolysis and of the saccharide. In particular, the amount of water drastically influenced the optical resolution performance. Composites obtained at the lower H2O/TEOS ratio gave the metal chelate compound a higher optical rotation. Three types of composites with the same composition were prepared by kneading, impregnation and by the sol-gel method, and were compared. The sol-gel composite showed the best optical resolution ability. It was concluded that the optical resolution ability was closely related to dispersibility of saccharide in the silica matrix. 相似文献
106.
利用AFM和SNOM对淋巴细胞膜表面超微结构及其光学性质的初步研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscopy,AFM)对淋巴细胞表面形貌进行了形态学的初步研究,观察到了其膜表面其他显微技术所不能发现的超微结构.同时也运用扫描近场光学显微镜(Scanning Near field Optical Microscopy,SNOM)对淋巴细胞进行成像,观察了其对光的透射、吸收等光学性质,并对两种成像方法进行了比较.研究发现:淋巴细胞膜表面凹凸不平,分布着大量直径几十到几百纳米不等的小颗粒;淋巴细胞中央部位有自发荧光现象.结果表明,AFM和SNOM可作为进一步探讨淋巴细胞的结构与功能关系的有力工具. 相似文献
107.
Th. Schalkhammer Ch. Lobmaier F. Pittner A. Leitner H. Brunner F. R. Aussenegg 《Mikrochimica acta》1995,121(1-4):259-268
A new optical sensor is presented, based on the analyte reaction resulting in swelling and shrinking of a thin polymer layer. Changing the concentration of ions in a new bisazide photo-cross-linked poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymer results in a concentration-dependent volume change of the hydrated gel. The volume response of the sensor induced by different ions is fully reversible over more than 250 cycles. The response of the device depends on the type, the charge and the concentration of the ions. The sensor material is part of an optical thin film system which transforms the variations in volume of the polymer into spectral information. The steady state of the sensor response is obtained within 60 s. The response time is mainly limited by the pump rate, the back pressure and the total volume of the system but not by the swelling of the sensor polymer. A comparative study of ion effects has demonstrated a fundamental correlation of the polymer swelling properties with the Hofmeister series of chaotropic agents. Thus it is concluded that the photopolymer, which is solubilized in aqueous solutions by the interaction of its amide structure with the solvent, behaves like the backbone amide structure of proteins. 相似文献
108.
含吲哚核端基多甲川菁染料的合成及性能 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
我们曾合成了具有桥环的硫三碳菁及多甲川苯乙烯菁,并测定了光学性能。本文报道吲哚环为端基的桥链三碳菁和四甲川苯乙烯菁的合成及在有机溶剂中电子吸收光谱及溶解性能的测定。所用仪器同前,7种多甲川菁染料的合成反应如下: 相似文献
109.
Isolation of lipase producer and its performance in enantioselective hydrolysis of glycidyl butyrate
A racemic glycidyl butyrate resolving strain, preliminarily identified as a Rhizopus sp., had been isolated from soil. Its extracellular lipase was found to enantioselectively hydrolyze the (S)-enantiomer of
the chiral ester, with optimal activities at pH 5.3 and 42°C. Higher en antioselectivity of theenzyme was observed at lower
temperatures, while the best anantioselectivity was obtained at pH 5.5–6.0, with an, E value (enantiomeric ratio) of 57. 相似文献
110.
A pyrryl substituted photocbromic fulgide, (1-p-methoxyphenyl-2-methyl-5-phenyl)-3-pyrryl-ethylidene (isopropylidene) succinic anhydride, was synthesized. Its chemical structure was identified by IR, 1H NMR MS and elemental analysis. The title compound was used to prepare the optical disks by the spin coating method and the vacuum evaporation method. The results of the static state examination show that the optical disks prepared with this kind of molecules possess excellent thermal stability and fatigue resistance, i.e. over 450 writing-erasing recycles, the relative contrast between writing state and erasing state remains at 40%. 相似文献