The relation between spatial impression and the law of the first wavefront

In the field of room acoustics, it is popular belief that the early and late reflections contribute to auditory source width (ASW) and listener envelopment (LEV), respectively. However, some papers have demonstrated results not necessarily in agreement with the belief. In this paper, a hypothesis is proposed to clarify the essentials of ASW and LEV from point of view of the auditory phenomenon. The hypothesis is that the components of reflections under and beyond the upper limit of validity for the law of the first wavefront contribute to ASW and LEV, respectively. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the hypothesis. In the first experiment, the results showed directly that the components of reflections under the upper limit of validity for the law contribute to ASW. In the second experiment, four kinds of threshold were measured to evaluate the relation between the effect and LEV: image-splitting which corresponds to the upper limit of validity for the law, LEV, reverberation perception, and reverberation disturbance. The results showed that the threshold of image-splitting coincides with the that of LEV. This suggests that the components of reflections beyond the upper limit of validity for the law contribute to LEV. In conclusion, it seems that the results of experiments shown in this paper favor the hypothesis.     

The mechanism of the attracting acoustic radiation force on a polymer-coated gold sphere in plane progressive waves

Acoustic plane progressive waves incident on a sphere immersed in a nonviscous fluid exert a steady force acting along the direction of wave motion. It is shown here that when an elastic gold sphere is coated with a polymer-type (polyethylene) viscoelastic layer, this force becomes a force of attraction in the long wavelength limit. Kinetic, potential and Reynolds stress energy densities are defined and evaluated with and in the absence of absorption in the layer. Without absorption, the mechanical energy density counteracts the Reynolds stress energy density, which causes a repulsive force. However, in the case of absorption, the attractive force is predicted to be a physical consequence of a mutual contribution of both the mechanical and the Reynolds stress energy densities. This condition provides an impetus for further designing acoustic tweezers operating with plane progressive waves as well as fabricating polymer-coated gold particles for specific biophysical and biomedical applications.     

基于生物光学算法的海洋赤潮监测

机载海洋激光雷达具有高效搜索的能力,已成为海洋环境监测的重要手段。以机载蓝绿激光雷达监测海洋赤潮为研究应用背景,通过检测海洋中叶绿素的质量浓度来实现对海洋赤潮消长信息的获取。在分析海水固有光学性质的基础上,基于生物光学算法,构建了机载蓝绿激光雷达后向散射信号检测的的叶绿素质量浓度监测模型。仿真计算证明该模型能够有效探测出叶绿素质量浓度的大小,为机载海洋赤潮监测增加了一种方法。     

海洋水色水温扫描仪精确大气漫射透射比计算

海洋水色水温扫描仪(COCTS)是中国海洋水色系列卫星上的主遥感器,主要用于探测我国及全球部分海域的海洋水色和水温环境信息.大气漫射透射比计算是COCTS大气校正的必需过程,直接影响COCTS大气校正和水色信息反演的精度.提出了基于加倍法解大气-海洋耦合矢量辐射传输方程的大气漫射透射比精确计算方法,通过与SeaWiFS精确大气漫射透射比查找表计算结果的比较,结果表明计算相对误差小于1.5%,而当观测天顶角小于60°时,计算相对误差小于0.5%,可以用来生成COCTS的精确大气漫射透射比查找表.在此基础上,生成了专门针对COCTS的精确大气漫射透射比查找表.     

水面下的波浪--海洋内波

讨论了海洋中因温度、盐度非均匀引起的分层结构．内波因恢复力小比表面波有较大振幅和较低频率．在地球上,内波以不同形式(如：内潮,内孤立波等)发生在层结、洋流和地形合适的大陆边缘地带．内波活动是海洋结构的安全隐患、水下声道的背景噪声源和深水混合的“搅拌器”,我们考察了内波在海洋工程、海洋环境和水声探测中的各种应用．     

浮游植物的吸收和散射特性:理论模型

利用Mie理论模型对不同粒径分布和复折射率的浮游植物吸收和散射特性进行了模拟计算。在550nm波长处,直径<10μm的颗粒对总的散射系数贡献最大,单位体积浓度的散射系数随着折射率实部n的增大呈有规律的地增加。对给定的n值来说,随着微分粒径分布参数j值的增大而增加,折射率实部n对单位色素浓度的吸收系数ap*(λ)的影响很小,对bp*(λ)影响相对较大。折射率虚部n′对单位色素浓度的吸收系数ap*(λ)的影响很大,对bp*(λ)的影响相对较小。微分粒径分布参数j对ap*(λ)和bp*(λ)的影响都很大,ap*(λ)随j值的减小而减小的主要原因是因为大颗粒“打包效应”引起的吸收减弱,而bp*(λ)随j值的增大而增大的主要原因是因为小粒径颗粒对散射的贡献。     

水下多层均匀材料的声特性

本文研究水和空气中由不同厚度的两层弹性板及消声橡胶共同组成的分层介质在斜入射时的声特性,并采用数值方法求解多层结构声场的线性方程组。得到反射,透射系数,当板的厚度远小于波长时,采用弹性薄壳振动模型和弹性波模型进行计算,它们的结果基本相同,但是薄壳振动模型更便于计算和理论分析;对系统反射系数和透射系数的计算结果表明,系统增加消声橡胶层后,极大地改变后射系数和透射系数的频率响应;频率升高,反射系数减小     

岩石等非线性介观弹性固体材料的谐波特性的超声研究

岩石、混凝土等非线性介观弹性固体材料显示出与经典的非线性声学不同的非经典非线性声学现象，比如滞后现象、离散记忆等。本文实验研究了超声波在岩石材料中产生的基波、二次、三次谐波随声源幅度的依赖关系，研究了岩石的超声衰减，与金属材料的进行了对比；并且将浸水后的混凝土与浸水前的混凝土的超声谐波特性进行了对比，对此实验现象作出了定性的解释。此研究有利于岩石等非线性介观弹性固体材料的无损检测的研究。     

An explicit time-domain finite element method for room acoustics simulations: Comparison of the performance with implicit methods

This paper presents the applicability of an explicit time-domain finite element method (TD-FEM) using a dispersion reduction technique called modified integration rules (MIR) on room acoustics simulations with a frequency-independent finite impedance boundary. First, a dispersion error analysis and a stability analysis are performed to derive the dispersion relation and the stability condition of the present explicit TD-FEM for three-dimensional room acoustics simulations with an infinite impedance boundary. Secondly, the accuracy and efficiency of the explicit TD-FEM are presented by comparing with implicit TD-FEM using MIR through room acoustics simulations in a rectangular room with infinite impedance boundaries. Thirdly, the stability condition of the explicit TD-FEM is investigated numerically in the case with finite impedance boundaries. Finally, the performance of the explicit TD-FEM in room acoustics simulations with finite impedance boundaries is demonstrated in a comparison with the implicit TD-FEM. Although the stability of the present explicit TD-FEM is dependent on the impedance values given at boundaries, the explicit TD-FEM is computationally more efficient than the implicit method from the perspective of computational time for acoustics simulations of a room with larger impedance values at boundaries.     

超轻多孔金属材料的多功能特性及应用

超轻多孔金属是近年来随着多样化需求的材料制备以及机械加工技术的迅速发展而出现的一类新颖多功能材料, 是材料的选择及其性能研究的新课题. 本文介绍有关多孔金属材料与结构基础研究的国内外研究现状和发展趋势, 涉及材料制备、性能表征等方面, 着重于探讨多孔金属的多功能复合特性及其在国民经济和高技术中的应用.