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用热力学原理说明了汞面上的水封对于汞的挥发在热力学上有非常有效的阻止作用,并且,对于多组分完全不互溶系统,如果平稳放置,密度较大的那些相的挥发都会被最上面密度最小的相所阻止。指出了长期存在于某些物理化学教材、课件以及许多物理化学教学工作者教学过程中的相关错误概念,分析了错误的原因。 相似文献
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I. I. Gogonin 《Thermophysics and Aeromechanics》2009,16(1):111-118
It has been experimentally proved that heat transfer at boiling appears to be the problem with the conjugated boundary conditions.
Heat transfer and critical heat fluxes at boiling depend both on physical properties of the boiling liquid and on the number
of characteristics of the heat transferring wall.
Various experimental data of the problem of boiling liquid with various physical properties have been analysed. To eliminate
or minimize influence of the properties of the cooled wall on the value of critical heat transfer, the data obtained at boiling
on the thick cooled wall only from the stainless steel or nichrome are considered. To eliminate effect of capillary forces
specific linear size of heat transferring wall satisfied the condition ≥ 2.0. 相似文献
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We propose a simple mechanical model describing viscoelasticity and cavitation during the debonding process in pressure-sensitive
adhesives (PSA). Our calculation qualitatively reproduces typical stress-strain curves in the probe-tack test, such as the
steep stress maxima and the following plateau region. It is shown that in the thin-film geometry the stress-strain curve is
essentially determined by the cavities created by the large negative pressure. Effects of pre-existent air bubbles due to
surface roughness are also discussed. 相似文献
69.
Hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of flow boiling in a non-uniformly heated microchannel were studied. Experiments were performed with a single microchannel and a series of microheaters to study the microscale boiling of water under axially non-uniform heat input conditions. A simultaneous real time visualization of the flow pattern was performed with the measurement of experimental parameters. Tests were performed over a mass flux of 309.8 kg/m2 s, and heat flux of 200–600 kW/m2. Test results showed different fluctuations of heated wall temperature, pressure drop, and mass flux with variations of the heat input along the flow direction. The unique periodic flow boiling in a single microchannel was observed at all heat flux conditions except for the increasing heat input distribution case which is the nearly uniform effective heat input distribution condition. The instability is correlated with flow pattern transition. For the nearly uniform effective heating condition, no fluctuation of the wall temperature, pressure drop, or mass flux was observed. We can relieve the instability by increasing total heat input along the flow direction and predict the instability using the transition criteria and flow pattern map. 相似文献
70.
Visualization experiments in upward forced convective nucleate boiling flows were carried out. The bubble growth and collapse have been measured using high-speed photography technique with distilled water under atmospheric pressure. The experiments show that the bubbles depart from nucleating sites shortly after nucleation and slide along the heater surface. The bubbles grow while sliding, attain a maximum size, then lift from the surface sometime during condensation, and quickly vanish in the bulk liquid. Parametric studies show that bubble diameter and departure frequency increases with an increase in heat flux, a decrease in subcooling, and a decrease in mass flux. 相似文献