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31.
32.
Regimes of superfluid-helium boiling on structural-steel spheres 4.8 and 6.0 mm in diameter, with heaters installed inside, are examined. Experimental data on the evolution of vapor films formed on the
spherical surfaces are obtained.
__________
Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 78–84, November–December, 2006. 相似文献
33.
1引言在过去的二十年中,已研制出诸如HighFI。、Thermoexcel-E、Ge、-T、CIT等多种高性能强化沸腾换热结构[‘-’],其中ThermoexcelE型结构是机械加工多孔层中有代表性的一种,并进行了较多研究*‘]。但迄今为止,研究工作多限于一个大气压时的沸腾工况[‘,’],而较少涉及非大气压时的情形。本文对一种ThermoexcelE型机械加工多孔层在大气压和高于大气压时的沸腾传热进行了实验,提出了简化物理模型,进行了流动与传热分析,综合实验数据,建立了相应的传热关联式。2实验研究实验装置参见文献*。多孔层基体为厚壁紫铜管… 相似文献
34.
l引言管内或窄小流路内的自然对流沸腾CHF的研究比较少。文献[1~41对水及氟里昂系等液体进行了实验,在Kutataladze【’]的池内沸腾无量式基础上,提出如下经验公式当L/De--+0时上式退化为池内沸腾公式。式中qm。x是临界热通量;Hi。是蒸发潜热;。是汽液界面张力;尸l和p。分别是液体和蒸汽的密度;9是重力加速度;c是实验常数;不同研究者之间相差很大。当L/De较大时各经验公式的计算值会相差l~2倍。式(1)没有任何物理机理的支持,仅以J和L/De之间的无量纲关系对实验值进行统计整理,对物性的实际影响、De独立于L/De的… 相似文献
35.
Investigations of two-phase heat transfer in the saturated flow-boiling region for multi-component mixtures has led to a proposed new correlation for the heat transfer coefficient where heat transfer of boiling is simply expressed in terms of the boiling number. This correlation was tested against the existing data on forced convective boiling heat transfer reported in the literature, giving satisfactory results; the correlation should, however, be tested further against wider data on convective heat transfer coefficients in multicomponent systems. The present lack of such data should be remedied. 相似文献
36.
Jrme O. Cosandey Axel Günther Philipp Rudolf von Rohr 《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》2003,27(8):877-889
The entrainment of soluble (KI, CsI) and non-soluble (Al2O3) substances through droplets, which are produced by disintegrating steam bubbles at the surface of a boiling water pool, is determined in a pilot-scale facility. Integral measurements are conducted at steady-state conditions in an atmosphere of either pure steam or an air–steam mixture. The ratio of the entrained liquid mass flow and the gas mass flow through the pool, the entrainment factor, is determined for air–steam ratios between 0 and 0.47 kg/kg in the gas atmosphere and at constant total pressures between 2 and 6 bar. The influence of the vertical temperature profile in the gas atmosphere on the convective velocity field is demonstrated by phase Doppler anemometry and particle image velocimetry measurements at a location 2.1 m above the pool surface. The influences of nucleation and natural convection are demonstrated during slow de-pressurization of the facility at rates below 420 Pa/s. 相似文献
37.
Data and analysis have shown that bubble nucleation and ebullition phenomena in microchannels are different than in large channels. The macroscale models and correlations often fail to predict data representing bubble ebullition processes in microchannels. It is hypothesized here that hydrodynamically-controlled onset of significant void in microchannels is due to bubble departure from wall cavities, and the latter process may be controlled by thermocapillary and aerodynamic forces that act on the bubble. Accordingly, the limited available relevant experimental data are semi-analytically modeled, and the soundness of the proposed hypothesis is shown. 相似文献
38.
Boiling heat transfer measurements on a tube designed to yield the peripheral variation of heat transfer coefficient without interfering with the nucleation site density are presented. A variation of up to 25% around the tube is found with a maximum at the base. High speed cine photography was used to estimate the variation of mean bubble layer thickness and mean velocities with angle. An iterative heat balance around the periphery indicated a voidage decrease from about unity at the base to 0.3–0.6 at 90° 相似文献
39.
On Vaporizing Water Flow in Hot Sub-Vertical Rock Fractures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water injection into unsaturated fractured rock at above-boiling temperatures gives rise to complex fluid flow and heat transfer processes. Examples include water injection into depleted vapor-dominated geothermal reservoirs, and emplacement of heat-generating nuclear wastes in unsaturated fractured rock. We conceptualize fractures as two-dimensional heterogeneous porous media, and use geostatistical techniques to generate synthetic permeability distributions in the fracture plane. Water flow in hot high-angle fractures is simulated numerically, taking into account the combined action of gravity, capillary, and pressure forces, and conductive heat transfer from the wall rocks which gives rise to strong vaporization. In heterogeneous fractures boiling plumes are found to have dendritic shapes, and to be subject to strong lateral flow effects. Fractures with spatially-averaged homogeneous permeabilities tend to give poor approximations for vaporization behavior and liquid migration patterns. Depending on water flow rates, rock temperature, and fracture permeability, liquid water can migrate considerable distances through fractured rock that is at above-boiling temperatures and be only partially vaporized. 相似文献
40.
Graham J Weir 《Transport in Porous Media》1991,6(5-6):501-517
The two phase flow equations frequently used in geothermal engineering ignore capillary pressure, which results in a singular system of equations. Analysis of these equations reveals three mechanisms for altering saturation: local boiling, the spatial dependence of flowing enthalpy due to the convective transport of fluid, and counterflow. A scalar function is associated with each of these three mechanims. At each point in space, flows are essentially two dimensional, with gravity establishing a vertical hierarchy, in that volumetric, energy and mass fluxes can never point below a lower member in this triple. With increasing liquid saturation, the characteristics associated with the saturation equation move up from below this grouping of directions, and eventually may even point above volumetric fluxes. Finally, weak shocks and the associated entropy condition are considered. The characteristics of the saturation equation coincide with the velocity of extremely weak shocks, and saturation increases with the passage of a weak shock, provided the magnitude of the characteristic speed increases with saturation.Notation Cl
liquid heat capacity
- Cm
rock heat capacity
- Cv
vapour heat capacity
- G
counterflow energy flux
- h
flowing enthalpy
- hl
liquid enthalpy
- hv
vapour enthalpy
-
k
permeability
- k
downward vector
- P
pressure
- S
liquid saturation
- T
temperature
- dT/dP
derivative at saturation
- z
vertical coordinate
- l
liquid viscosity
- v
vapour viscosity
- Pl
liquid density
- m
rock density
- v
vapour density
-
porosity 相似文献